PROBLEM ?

Athmosperic Environment
Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Ni, Pb,
Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China
 DEFINITION AND METHOD
• Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful substances
into Earth's atmosphere, causing diseases, allergies, death to humans, damage to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment.
• Air pollution can cause acute and chronic adverse effects on human health via ingestion, dermal
contact and inhalation exposure.
• In this case the samples are taken in Nanjing, China in center district ( Gulou ) and one in the
suburbs ( Pukou )
• Samples were collected from April to September of 2010, using SBET ( Simple Bioaccessbility
Extraction Test ) by extracting the fragments from 1/16 of a quartz microfibe filter with glycine.
 TSP ( Total Suspended Particulates )
• Total suspended particles (TSP) is an archaic regulatory measure of
the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) in community air

• TSP is made up of airborne particles with diameters less than 100 mm

which enter the atmosphere from different sources. Compared with
coarse particles, fine particles (PM2.5) have a longer atmospheric
residence time
 IMPACT OF ARSENIC AND HEAVY METALS

• If heavy metals enter and accumulate in body tissues faster than the body’s
detoxification pathways can dispose of, then a gradual build-up of these toxins
occurs. High concentration exposure is not a necessity to produce a state of
toxicity in the body, as heavy metal accumulation occurs in body tissues
gradually and, over time, can reach toxic concentration levels, much beyond the
permissible limits. (Suruchi et al, 2012).
• Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups
may experience more serious health effects because the impact of arsenic and
heavy metals in atmospheric environment.
 Solution of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb,
Zn and Mn) in Nanjang, China

• Main Target
– Reduction of emissions from coal burning industries and vehicles
– boost cleaner and more efficient use of coal
– promote the use of electricity and natural gas in place of coal
– support for wind, solar and bio power sectors; increase in
proportion of clean energy
– encourage the use of waste straw as a resource
– reduction in-field burning
– implementation of control measures to deal with air pollution