The Musculoskeletal

System
 The Musculoskeletal System
• The Musculo-Skeletal System is like a frame. It gives your body shape and
support.
• It support your body as you move.
• Some bones protect some vital parts or internal organs of your body.
• Some bones enable the body to make different movement.
• The bones in the head. The bone forming the head is the skull or cranium.
 The Musculoskeletal System
• You are able to perform various activities because you have a bones and
muscles.
• Musculosketal system made up of bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments,
muscle and tendons.
• The musculoskeletal system is made up of two major system that works very
closely: The skeletal system and the Muscular System.
• A bone is a tough structure in the body that is made up of connective tissues
surrounded by minerals.
• The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, that provides the framework
of the body.
• The bones give shape and protect the body. Without them, the body will
collapse.
• It also protect soft tissues and delicate organ in the body.
• The skull protects the brain; the ribs protect the heart and lungs; the
backbone protects the spinal cord.
• Bones contains soft tissues called Bone marrow, that produces red blood
cells.
• Bones also serves as a storage of fats and minerals to helps nerves and
muscles work properly.
• The long bones in the body contain yellow marrow at the center that serves
as a storage of fats.
 Fun Facts about bones
• The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the
Femur or the thigh bone

• The smallest bone in the body are found in the middle ear
• Babies are more bones than adults. 270-300 bones.
• The backbone or vertebral column consist of 24 single bones called
vertebrae.
• Food rich in calcium, phosphorous, vitamin C and vitamin D and protein are
good in your bones and muscles.
• A joint- is a place where two bones meet.
Matching type: Match the parts of the skeletal system in column A with the
functions in column B.
Column A Column B
1. Skull a. the inner layer of the bone that contains yellowish
substance which
manufacture blood cells in the body.
2. Spinal column b. protects the spinal cord
3. Bones c. a rigid case that protects the brain
4. Hinge joint d. allows movement in all direction
5. Ball and socket e. allows movement in one direction
• Ends of the bones are covered by a layer of cartilage with fluid in the space
between them. Cartilage is more flexible than bones. It serves as a protective,
cushioning layer where bones come together.
Joints are held together by connective tissues that can be stretch . These
connective tissues called Ligaments.
 Muscular System
• Muscles- allow the body to move. They are the force behind the skeletal
system. Without the muscle, you cannot kick and throw the ball; you cannot
jog, write; walk and run.
• Muscles also produces heat during contractions which help maintain body
temperature.
• Muscles also give form to the body. You will probably afraid to see the
person with only the skeleton.
• There are more than 600 muscles in the body.
• Muscles are made up of hundred to thousands of long, thin cells or muscle
fibres.
• Tendons-allow the muscle and bone work together.
• Muscles works in pairs. One muscle contracts or shorten to pull the bones
while the other muscles straighten or relaxes.
 There are three types of muscle found in
the human body:
• Skeletal Muscle-are those which attach to bones and have the main function
of contracting to facilitate movement of our skeletons.
• They are also sometimes known as striated muscles due to their appearance.
• Skeletal muscles are also sometimes called voluntary muscles because we
have direct control over them through nervous impulses from our brains
sending messages to the muscle.
• Smooth Muscle- is also sometimes known as Involuntary muscle due to our
inability to control its movements, or unstriated as it does not have the stripy
appearance of Skeletal muscle.
• Cardiac Muscle (heart muscle)-This type of muscle is found solely in the
walls of the heart. It has similarities with skeletal muscles in that it is striated
and with smooth muscles in that its contractions are not under conscious
control.
Write SM if the statement pertains to smooth muscles,
CA if cardiac muscles and SK if skeletal muscles.
_____1. These are muscles found only in heart.
--------2. They are striated and involuntary.
--------3. They are striated and voluntary.
--------4. They are muscles of internal organs.
--------5. The muscle cell of this type contains only
one nucleus.
 muscles smooth muscular cardiac pairs

The ______system consist of all muscles in the body. Muscles have three
kinds:______,______ and skeletal. Muscles always work in _____.If one
muscle contracts the opposite relaxes. _______help the body move and do
work. Good food, exercise, rest, and good posture are necessary to make
muscles strong and healthy.
Explain how the organs of each organ
system work together

1. H B O N S E I P – located just below the waist

2. S P I L A N C O M N L U – consists of 26 vertebrae

3. R B I G A C E – consists of 12 ribs on each side of the body

4. K U L S L – it is the top of the spine
• The skeletal system serves as a framework for tissues and organs to attach
themselves to. This system acts as a protective structure for vital organs.
Major examples of this are the brain being protected by the skull and the
lungs being protected by the rib cage.
• Located in long bones are two distinctions of bone marrow (yellow and red).
The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow
cavity. During starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for
energy.[8] The red marrow of some bones is an important site for blood cell
production, approximately 2.6 million red blood cells per second in order to
replace existing cells that have been destroyed by the liver.[5] Here all
erythrocytes, platelets, and most leukocytes form in adults. From the red
marrow, erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes migrate to the blood to do
their special tasks.