Newton’s Laws of Motion

Force is a push or pull exerted by an

object on another. It is a vector quantity.

• Contact Forces are forces in two

bodies with direct contact with
each other.
• Noncontact Forces are forces in
two bodies which are separated.
 Fundamental Forces of Nature

1. Gravitational
2. Electromagnetic
3. Strong Nuclear
4. Weak Nuclear
ISAAC NEWTON’S
LAWS OF MOTION
 Law of Inertia
• Net force or resultant force is the vector sum
of all the forces acting on a body.
• Unbalanced force is a resultant force not
equal to zero.
Law of Inertia states that a body at rest will
remain at rest and a body in motion will
continue to move with constant velocity unless
acted upon by unbalanced external force.
 Law of Acceleration
States that when a net force acts on a body, it
will be accelerated in the direction of the force.

The acceleration of the body is directly

proportional to the net force acting on it and is
inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
 Law of Interaction

States that for every action, there is an equal

but opposite reaction. The pair of forces are
called action-reaction pair.
First Condition of Equilibrium
• Newton’s Law of Inertia defines equilibrium as
a condition where there is no change in the
state of motion of a body.
• Therefore, a body in equilibrium may be at
rest or moving at constant velocity.
Static Equilibrium – object in equilibrium is at
rest.
Dynamic Equilibrium – object in equilibrium is
in motion at constant velocity.
The net force acting on an object
in equilibrium is equal to zero.

∑𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0

Component form:

∑𝐹𝑥 = 0 ∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 ∑𝐹𝑧 = 0

 Accelerating System of Masses
• An accelerating body is acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
• ∑𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎 may be applied to an entire
system or to a part of a system.

Atwood Machine was the first laboratory apparatus that

provided experimental verification of Newton’s Laws of
Motion. Designed by George Atwood in 1784, the machine
consisted of two different masses connected by a string
that runs over a low friction pulley.
 LET’S PRACTICE!

Two blocks of masses 𝑚1 = 4.5 𝑘𝑔 and 𝑚2 =

6.5 𝑘𝑔 resting on a frictionless surface are
connected by a light extensible cord as shown in
the figure below. A horizontal force F of 33.0 N
directed to the right is applied to the block.
Find the following:
a. acceleration of the masses
b. the tension T in the cord.
 what is impulse?

what is momentum?

IMPULSE MOMENTUM THEOREM

 𝑭𝜟𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗 − 𝒎𝒗𝟎
• Impulse is the product of the force and the
time interval on which the force acts on an
object. Vector quantity with the same
direction of the force. SI Unit is Newton x
Second (N x s).
• Momentum is the product of mass and
velocity. A vector quantity having the same
direction as velocity. Represented by small
letter p. SI Unit is kg m/s.
 Impulse momentum theorem
states that the impulse of a force is
equal to change of momentum of
the body.

An object experiences a change of

momentum of 54 kg m/s in 9s.
What is the force causing this
change?
 Friction
• Friction refers to a force that resists the
motion between materials in contact.
A.Friction Between Solids
1.Static Friction
2.Kinetic Friction
3.Rolling Friction
A.Friction on Fluids (Gas and Liquids)
1.Fluid Friction or Drag Friction
 Laws on Friction
1. Static friction is greater in magnitude than kinetic
friction.
2. Friction acts parallel to the surfaces in contact and
in a direction so as to oppose the motion. Friction
cannot produce motion.
3. Friction is independent on area of contact and
speed of sliding.
4. Friction is proportional to the normal force.
5. Friction depends on the nature of surfaces in
contact and condition of surfaces, that us, whether
the surfaces are rough, smooth, polished or wet.