SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Systems of Equations(Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 874-904)

 Week 6 Day 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the chapter the students are expected to:

• Solve systems of equations in two variables with the

substitution method and the elimination method.
• Graph systems of linear equations.
• Understand that systems of linear equations may have one
solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
• Solve systems of equations in three variables employing
combination of the elimination and substitution methods.
SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 6 Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To solve systems of linear equations in two variables using the

substitution method.
• To solve systems of linear equations in two variables using the
elimination method.
• To solve systems of linear equations in two variables by graphing.
• Understand that a system of linear equations has either one
solution, no solution or infinitely many solution.
 Week 6 Day 1
DEFINITION

SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

A system of equations is a set of equations that involve the same

variables. To solve a system of equations means to find the solution
that satisfies both equations.

Example:
2x  y  5 x  2y  6
 
x  4y  7 3x  y  11

Solutions are given as an ordered pair of the form (x,y) .

 x  2y  6 Week 6 Day 1
Example: 
3x  y  11
ALGEBRAIC GRAPHICAL
SOLUTION x  4 and y  1 4,1
y

Equation1 6

x  2y  6
4   21  6
Check

x
Equation2
3x  y  11
34   1  11 -4

x  4 and y  1 satisfy
INTERPRETATION The point 4,1 lie on bothlines
bothequations
 Week 6 Day 1

THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

SPECIAL NAME NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS GRAPHICAL

INTERPRETATION

1. Independent
One solution
System

x

-4

Lines have different slopes.

 Week 6 Day 1

THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

SPECIAL NAME NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS GRAPHICAL

INTERPRETATION

2. Inconsistent
No solution
System
x

-4

Lines are parallel (same slopes and different y - intercepts.)

 Week 6 Day 1
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

SPECIAL NAME NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS GRAPHICAL

INTERPRETATION

3. Dependent Infinitely many

System solution
x

-4

Lines coincide (same slopes and same y – intercepts).

 Week 6 Day 1
METHODS OF SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS

Three methods of solving systems of linear equations:

 Algebraic Methods – used to find exact solutions.

a. substitution method
b. elimination method

 Graphing Method – typically used to give a visual

interpretation and confirmation of the solution.
 Week 6 Day 1
SUBSTITUTION METHOD

STEPS:

1. Solve one of the equations for one variable in terms of the

other variable.
2. Substitute the expression found in step 1 into the other
equation. The result is an equation in one variable.
3. Solve the equation obtained in step 2.
4. Back substitute the value found in step 3 onto the expression
found in step 1.
5. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS ONE SOLUTION
x  y  4
1. 
 3x  2y  9
ClassroomEx.9.1.1 page 878

2. Determine the values of a such that the following

system has one solution.
x  ay  1

x  y  1
Classroom Ex.9.1.1 * page 878
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS NO SOLUTION

2x  5y  1
1. 
6x  15y  0
ClassroomEx.9.1.2 page 878

2. Determine the values of a such that the following

systemhas one solution.
11x  2y  a

33x  6y  9
Classroom Ex.9.1.2 * page 878
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS INFINITE SOLUTION

4 y  x  3
1. 
2x  8y  6
ClassroomEx.9.1.3 page 879

2. Determine the values of a such that the following system

has one solution.
 2x  5y  1

 ay  5  10x
Classroom Ex.9.1.3 * page 879
 Week 6 Day 1
ELIMINATION METHOD

STEPS:

1. Multiply the coefficients of one or both of the equations so

that one of the variables will be eliminated when two
equations are added.
2. Eliminate one of the variables by adding the expression found
in Step 1 to the other equation. The result is an equation in
one variable.
3. Solve the equation obtained in Step 2.
4. Back substitute the value found in Step 3 into either of the
original equation.
5. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS ONE SOLUTION

2x  y  5  xy 4
1.  3. 
4x  y  11  3x  2y  9
Example #4 page 880 ClassroomEx.9.1.5 page 881

2. Solve using elimination 3x  2y  1

4. 
x  ay  1 5x  7y  9

 xy 1 Example #6 page 881
where a is any real number
Classroom Ex.9.1.4 * page 880
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS NO SOLUTION
1 .Solve u sing elimination
2x  5y  1

6x  15y  0
Classroom Ex. 9.1.7 # 4 page 882

2. Solve using elimination

 xy 7

 2x  2y  4
Example #7 page 882
 Week 6 Day 1
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION THAT A
SYSTEM HAS INFINITELY MANY SOLUTION

7x  y  2
1. 
 14x  2y  4
Example #8 page 882

2. Apply the elimination method

 x  5y  2

 - 10x  50y  20
YourTurn (b) page 883
 Week 6 Day 1
GRAPHING METHOD

STEPS:

1. Write the equations in the slope-intercept form.

2. Graph the lines.
3. Identify the points of intersection.
4. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.
OR

1. Solve for the x and y intercepts.

2. Graph the lines.
3. Identify the points of intersection.
4. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.
 Week 6 Day 1

DETERMINING BY GRAPH THAT A SYSTEM HAS ONE

SOLUTION, NO SOLUTION OR INFINITELY MANY SOLUTION
1. Solve graphically
 xy 4

 3x  2y  9
ClassroomEx. 9.1.9 page 884

2. Utilize graphing to solve the given system

 x  2y  1

 2x  4 y  20
YourTurn (a) page 885
 Week 6 Day 1

IDENTIFYING WHICH METHOD TO USE

Given any system of linear equations in two variables, any of the three
methods ( substitution, elimination, or graphing) can be utilized.
 Elimination is preferred if it is easy to eliminate a variable by adding
multiples of two equations.
 Use substitution if there is no obvious elimination.
Use graphing to confirm the solution(s) found using either elimination
or substitution.

EXAMPLE
State which of the two algebraic methods (elimination or substitution)
would be the preferred method to solve each system of linear equations.
 x - 2y  1 x  2y - 1 7x - 20y  1
a.  b.  c. 
- x  y  2 2x - y  4  5x  y  18
 SUMMARY Week 6 Day 1

Three types of solutions to systems of linear equations:

 One solution – the system is called an independent system
- the lines formed are intersecting lines
 No solution - the system is called inconsistent system
- the lines formed are parallel lines
 Infinitely many solutions –the system is called dependent system
- the lines formed coincide.

Three methods of solving systems of linear equations:

 Algebraic Methods – used to find exact solutions.
a. substitution method
b. elimination method
 Graphing Method – typically used to give a visual
interpretation and confirmation of the solution.
 Week 6 Day 2

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE

VARIABLES
 Week 6 Day 2
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To understand that a graph of linear equation in three variables

correspond to a plane.
• To identify three types of solutions: one solution, no solution or
infinitely many solutions.
• To solve systems of linear equations in three variables using the
combination of both elimination method and the substitution
method.
 Week 6 Day 2
DEFINITION

SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES

A linear equation in three variables x, y, and z is given by

Ax +By +C = D
where A, B, C, and D re real numbers that are not all equal to zero.
All three variables have degree equal to one, which is why this is
called equation in three variables .
The graph of any equation in three variables requires three
dimensional coordinate system.
In two variables, the graph of a linear equation is a line, while in
three variables the graph of a linear equation is a plane which can
be thought of as an infinite sheet of paper.
Solutions are given as an ordered pair of the form (x,y,z)
 Week 6 Day 2

THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN THREE VARIABLES

1. Independent - one solution

2. Dependent - infinitely many solutions
3. Inconsistent - no solution
 Week 6 Day 2
One Solution


Solution
 Week 6 Day 2
No Solution

or
 Week 6 Day 2
Infinitely Many Solutions

Solution
(line of intersection)
 Week 6 Day 2
SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE
VARIABLES USING ELIMINATION AND SUBSTITUTION

STEPS
1. Reduce the system of three equations in three variables to two
equations in two (of the same) variables by applying elimination.
2. Solve the resulting system of two linear equations in two variables
by applying elimination or substitution.
3. Substitute the solution in Step 2 into any of the original equations
and solve for the third variable.
4. Check that the solution satisfies all three original equations.
 Week 6 Day 2
EXAMPLE

1. Solve the system : 3. Solve the given system :

4x  3y  5z  8  2x  y  z  4
 
 x  y  3z  3  x y 2
5x - 3y - 2z  -5  3x  2y  z  6
 
ClassroomEx. 9.2.1 page 894 Example 3 page 896

2. Solve the given system : 4. Solve the given system :

 xyz  0  x  2y  z  3
 
 2x  z  1  2x  y  2z  1
 x y z 2 - 2x  4 y  2z  5
 
YourTurn page 896 Example #4 page 897
 Week 6 Day 2

SOLVING SYSTEMS OF TWO LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE

VARIABLES

 Two linear equations in three variables will always correspond to

two planes in three dimensions.
 There are two possibilities
1. No solution if the two planes are parallel
2. Infinitely many solutions if the two planes intersect in a line.
 Week 6 Day 2
No solution if the two planes are parallel
z

x
 z Week 6 Day 2
Infinitely many solutions if the two planes intersect in a line.

solution

x
 Week 6 Day 2

EXAMPLE
1. Solve the system :
x  y  z  7

x  y  2z  2
Example # 5 page 898

2. Solve the given system :

 2x - b y  1

 by  z  0
Classroom Ex.9.2.5 page 898
 Week 6 Day 2
SUMMARY

Graphs of linear equations in two variables are lines, whereas

graphs of linear equations in three variables are planes.

Systems of linear equations in three variables have one of the

three outcomes:
1. One solution (point)
2. No solution (no intersection of all three planes)
3. Infinitely many solutions (planes intersect along a line)

When the solution to a system of three linear equations is a line

in three dimensions, we use parametric representations to express
the solution.
 Week 6 Day 3
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To solve systems of nonlinear equations.

• To solve application problems involving systems of equations in
two and in three variables.
 Week 6 Day 3

QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES

The most general form of a quadratic equation in the variables x and y is

Ax2  Bxy  Cy2  Dx  Ey  0 where A,B...F R

Not all the terms may be present,however, but at least x 2 , y 2 or the xy
termmust be present to have a quadraticequation

The graphs of these equations are circles and the conic sections which
are to be discussed in analytic geometry.
 Week 6 Day 3
QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. One Linear, One Quadratic 2. Two Quadratics

Solve the system : Solve the system :

4x 2  9xy  2y 2  8x  15y  3  0 5x 2  4 y 2  11
  2
2x  5y  1 8x  12y 2  5

3.Two Quadratics, all terms containing the variable are of second degree
Solve the system :
x 2  5xy  y 2  7
 2
x  3xy  2y 2  4

College Algebra Revised edition, Catalina D. Mijares page 241-250

 Week 6 Day 3
QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES

4. Symmetric Quadratic Equation

Solve the system :
x 2  y 2  4

xy  x  y  2

5.Other types which does not fall on the previous types.

Solve the system :
x 2  y 2  18x  4 y  35  0
 2 2
x  y  2x  6y  15  0

College Algebra Revised edition, Catalina D. Mijares page 241-250

 Week 6 Day 3

APPLICATION INVOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR

EQUATIONS

Week 6 Day 3 Application Involving Systems of Linear Equations (Algebra and Trigonometry,
Young 2nd Edition, page 886-891 and 899-904).
 Week 6 Day 3
Start RECALL

Read and analyze A

the problem

Make a diagram or Solve the equation

sketch if possible

Determine the
unknown quantity.
Check the solution

Set up an equation,
assign variables to
represent what you
are asked to find. no Is the unknown
solved?

no Did you set up

yes yes
the equation?
A
End
 Week 6 Day 3
APPLICATION

1. Upon graduation with a degree of management information

systems(MIS), you decide to work for a company that buys data
from the states’ department of motor vehicles and sells to banks
and car dealerships customized reports detailing how many cars at
each dealership are financed through particular banks. Autocount
Corporation offers you a $15,000 base salary and a 10%
commission on your total annual sales. Polk Corporation offers you
a base salary of $30,000 plus a 5% commission on your total annual
sales. How many total sales would you have to make per year to
make more money at Autocount? (# 59 page 890)
 Week 6 Day 3
APPLICATION

2. A mechanic has 340 gallons of gasoline and 10 gallons of oil to

make gas/oil mixtures. He wants one mixture to be 4% oil and the
other mixture to be 2.5% oil. If he wants to use all of the gas and
oil, how many gallons of gas and oil are in each of the resulting
mixtures? (# 58 page 890)

3. A direct flight on Delta Airlines from Atlanta to Paris is 4000 miles

and takes approximately 8 hours going East (Atlanta to Paris) and
10 hours going West ( Paris to Atlanta). Although the plane
averages the same airspeed, there is a headwind while traveling
west and a tailwind while travelling east resulting in different
airspeeds. What is the average airspeed of the plane and what is
the average wind speed ? (# 63 page 890)
 Week 6 Day 3
APPLICATION

Suppose you’re going to eat only Subway sandwiches for a week

(7 days) for lunch and dinner (total o0f 14 meals).

Sandwich Calories Fat (grams)

Mediterranean Chicken 350 18
Six Inch Tuna Roast Beef 430 19
Six In 290 5
www.subway.com

4. Your goal is a total of 4840 calories and 190 grams of fat. How
many of each sandwich would you eat that week to obtain this
goal? ( #33 page 901)
 Week 6 Day 3
APPLICATION

5. Tara and Lamar decide to place $20,000 of their savings into

investments. They put some in a money market account earning
3% interest, some in a mutual fund that has been averaging 7% a
year, and some in a stock that rose 10% last year. If they put $6,000
more in the money market than in the mutual fund and the mutual
fund and stocks have the same growth in the next year as they did
in the previous year , they will earn $1,180 in a year. How much
money did they put in each of the three investments? (# 39 page 902)