Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PULP TREATMENT
Pulp Treatment:
Bleaching mechanical pulps,
Measurement of lignin content,
Bleaching chemical pulps,
Chemical recovery,
Refining,
Pulp characterization.
Introduction to pulp bleaching:
Bleaching
Pulping
Introduction to pulp bleaching:
Bleaching of Chemical Pulps…
• Lignin Removal.
• Lignin removal in chemical pulps leads to greater
fiber-fiber bonding strength in paper.
• But the strong chemical used in bleaching chemical
pulps decreases the length of cellulose molecules,
resulting in weaker fibers.
Introduction to pulp bleaching:
Bleaching of Mechanical Pulps…
• Chemically altering the portions of the lignin molecule
that absorb light.
• Lignin removal in mechanical pulps is counterproductive.
• Referred as Lignin-Preserving or brightening (to
distinguish it from bleaching of chemical pulps).
Introduction to pulp bleaching: Brightness
• Whiteness of pulp or paper
• Not applicable to colored papers.
• Scale from 0% (absolute black) to 100% (relative to a
MgO standard ~ absolute brightness of about 96%) by
the reflectance of blue light (457 nm) from the paper
Brightness levels of some pulps
Bleaching chemicals ~ Some are very specific to lignin removal while others
are much less specific and cause appreciable carbohydrate degradation and
diminished yield.
BLEACHING CHEMICAL PULPS
•oxygen and chlorine are relatively
inexpensive, but not particularly selective
for lignin removal (early stages of
bleaching).
•Residual lignin is removed in later stages
with expensive, but highly selective
bleaching agents like chlorine dioxide,
hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide.