SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY AND
NATION BUILDING
 TOPIC TO BE DISCUSSED:
I. Science and Technology and Nation Building

A. The Philippine Government Science and

Technology Agenda
B. Major Development programs and
Personalities in Science and Technology
in the Philippines
C. Science Education in the Philippines
D. Selected Indigenous science and
technologies
THE CONCEPT OF NATION BUILDING
 Nation – group or race of people who
shared history, traditions and
culture, sometimes religion, and
usually language.
 People of specific nation share a common
national identity- race or ethnicity, loyalty to
a set of political ideas and institutions.
ASPECTS OF A STRONG NATION
 Building a political entity ( territory,
rules, norms, principles and common
citizenship)
 Building institutions & universities, civil
service, bureaucracy, economy and civil
society organization)
 Building a common sense of purpose, a
sense of shared destiny, a collective
imagination of belonging.
 Development at any phase is always linked
with technology and technology happens when
there is advancement in science. Hence science,
technology and development are all proportional
to each other. It is an essential tool for rapid
development.

Without having modern equipment’s in all

sectors, be it in medicines, infrastructure,
aviation, electricity, information technology or
any other field, the advancement and benefits
that we face today would not have been possible.
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 The history of science and technology in
the Philippines started way back before
the country gained its independence from
the American colonizers.
 When the Spaniards colonized the country,
they brought with them their culture and
practices.
 The galleon trade has brought additional
technology and development in the Philippines.
 The Americans have more influence in the
development of science and technology in the
Philippines compared to the Spaniards.
 However World war II has destabilized the
development of the country in many ways

The development of science and technology

in the Philippines based on its brief history is
shaped by several factors and influences:
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE PHILIPPINES

Internal Influences
 Survival
 Culture
 Economic Activities

External Influences
 Foreign Colonizers
 Trades with foreign Countries
 International Economic Demands
 THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
The Philippine government introduced and
implemented several programs, projects, and policies
to boost the area of science and technology.

Padilla-Concepcion (2015) reported that in

2015, in response to the ASEAN 2015 agenda, the
government particularly the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST) has sought the expertise of
the National Research Council of the Philippines
(NCRP) to consult various sectors in the society to
study how Philippines can prepare itself in meeting
the ASEAN 2015 goals
 THE NCRP CLUSTERED THESE POLICIES
INTO FOUR, NAMELY:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance.
 Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without
adding to the curriculum.
 Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue.
 Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT
broadband.

2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research,

Earth and Space Sciences and Mathematics.
 Emphasizing degrees, licenses and employment opportunities.
 Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of
development.
3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

 Creating an education council dedicated to

standardization of pharmaceutical services and care.
 Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct
evidence based research as pool of information.

4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry.

 Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full
implementation of existing laws.
 Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and
indigenous people’s conservation.
 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS AND
PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN
THE PHILIPPINES
ARTICLE XIV SECTION 10-13 OF THE 1987
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
 Section 10. Science and technology are essential
for national development and progress. The State
shall give priority to research and development,
invention, innovation, and their utilization; and
to science and technology education, training,
and services. It shall support indigenous,
appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and
technological capabilities, and their application
to the country’s productive systems and national
life.
 Section 11. The Congress may provide for
incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage
private participation in programs of basic and
applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-
in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be
provided to deserving science students,
researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists,
and specially gifted citizens.

 Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer

and promote the adaptation of technology from
all sources for the national benefit. It shall
encourage the widest participation of private
groups, local governments, and community-based
organizations in the generation and utilization of
science and technology.
 Section 13. The State shall protect
and secure the exclusive rights of
scientists, inventors, artists, and
other gifted citizens to their
intellectual property and creations,
particularly when beneficial to the
people, for such period as may be
provided by law.
DOST
 The primary science and technology body
in the country responsible for providing
central direction, leadership and
coordination of all scientific and
technological activities, and of
formulating policies, programs and
projects to support national development.
COUNCILS AND AGENCIES OF DOST
 Sectoral Planning Councils
 Research and Development Institutes

 S&T Service Institute

 Collegial Body

 Regional Offices

 Provincial S&T Centers

EXISTING PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORTED BY
THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT THROUGH
DOST.
 Providing funds for basic research and
patents related to science and technology.
 Providing scholarship for undergraduates
and graduates studies of students in the
field of science and technology.
 Establishing more branches of the
Philippine Science High School System for
training young Filipinos in the field of
science and technology.
 Balik Scientist Program
 Developing science and technology
parks in the academic campuses.
 The establishment of the National
Science Complex and National
Engineering Complex within the
University of the Philippines campus in
Diliman.
 The University of the Philippines- Los Baños is a
science paradise for agriculture, forestry, plant
and animal science, and veterinary science.
 The University of the Philippines- Visayas is also a
national center for marine science, fisheries, and
other related sciences.
 The University of the Philippines- Manila is a center
of excellence and has produces many researchers,
doctor, health professionals, and scientist in the
area of medical and public health.
 The University of the Philippines- Diliman also has
established a national science and engineering
complex to develop more research and produce
more scientist and engineers in the country.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
 the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman.

National
Goals

International Science and

Treaty Technology

 Policies
 Programs
Legal  Projects
Frameworks

Social needs,
issues and
politics
THE THREE MAIN PILLARS OF
DEVELOPMENT
 Malasakit – regains people’s trust in public
institutions and cultivate trust among fellow
Filipinos
 Pagbabago – Inequality-reducing transformation
through increasing opportunities for growth of
output and income
 Patuloy na Pag-Unlad – increasing potential
growth through sustaining and accelerating
economic growth
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
RAMON CABANOS BARBA
 For his outstanding research on tissue culture in
Philippine mangoes
ANGEL C. ALCALA, PH. D.
 Research on the ecology and diversity of Philippine
Amphibians and reptiles, marine biodiversity and
conservation of marine protected areas
JOSEFINO CACAS COMISO
 For his works on observing the characteristics of Antartica
by using satellite images
LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ
 Notable for her research on sea snail venom
FABIA MILLER DAYRIT
 For his research on herbal medicine
EDGARDO D. GOMEZ, PH. D
 Research and conservation efforts in invertebrate
biology and ecology. Pivotal in the world’s first
national scale assessment of damage to coral reefs.
DIOSCORO L. UMALI
 asa National Scientist of the Philippines
awardee and is known as "the Father of
Philippine Plant Breeding." He was awarded
several international honors and distinctions
for his outstanding achievements and
improvements of rice, corn and other economic
plants.
JULIAN BANZON
 was a Filipino biochemist and a National
Scientist of the Philippines. Banzon is credited
for his research in alternative fuel. He
researched on the production of ethyl ester
fuels from sugarcane and coconuts and
devised a method of extracting residual
coconut oil through chemical means.
Factors that influence the development of
Filipino scientist
Figure 5: Factors that influence the development of Filipino scientist

Individual interest
in science
School Science SCIENCE
LABORATORY

Family
(Teachers and
learning (REAL-LIFE
Natural environment) CONTEXT)
Environment

FILIPINO SCIENTIST
 SCIENCE
EDUCATION IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
The concept of science education

Science education focuses on teaching,

learning, and understanding science.
Teaching science involves developing way
on how to effectively teach science this
means exploring pedagogical theories and
models in helping teachers to teach
scientific concepts and processes
effectively.
 John Dewey (2001) stressed the
importance of utilizing the natural
environment to teach student. Marx (1994)
opines that science is going to be of the
most important school subject in the
future. Science education provides skills
and knowledge that are necessary for a
person to live in what Knight (1986)
described as the age of science and develop
citizenry that will meet the goal of science
culture therefore an immense
responsibility for school.
 Science Education in Basic and Tertiary
Education

In basic education, science helps students to

learn important concepts and facts that are
related to everyday life including important skills
such as process skill, critical thinking skills and
life skills that are needed. Science education also
develops positive attitudes such as love for
knowledge, passion for innovative things,
curiosity about nature and creativity. Studying
science and for considering science related careers
it is an investment for the country to develop
scientifically culture and literate citizenry.
 In tertiary education science
education deals with developing students
understanding and appreciation of science
ideas and scientific work. It is also focuses
on the preparation for science teachers,
scientists, engineers and science related
field such as engineering, agricultural,
medicine, and health science. The state
provides scholarships to encourage more
students to pursue science courses.
Science schools in the Philippines

One outstanding program for science

education supported by the government in
the establishment of science schools in
various parts of the country. There are
also several government program
implemented by the DepEd and few
private school for science.
 Philippines science high school
system (PSHSS)

This is program by our government to

support gifted students in the Philippines. It
is service institute of the DOST whose
mandate is to offer free scholarships basis for
secondary course with special emphasis on
subject pertaining to the sciences, with the
end view for preparing its student for science
career it is under Republic act no. 3661. The
student maintains a dormitory for all its
students.
 The PSHSS continues to pursue its
vision to develop Filipino science scholars
with scientific mind and passion for
excellence. The PSHSS students have brought
honor to the Philippines through their
exemplary achievements in various
international competitions and research
circles. When the students graduate from the
school, they are expected to pursue degrees in
science and technology at various colleges and
universities locally or abroad.
 Special science Elementary Schools
(SSES) Project

The special science elementary

schools project is in pursuance to DepEd
Order No. 73 s.2008 and DepEd Order No.
51 s. 2010 this project started in June 2007
with 57 identified elementary schools that
participated or were identified as science
elementary schools in the country.
 The SSES project aims to develop Filipino
children equipped with scientific and
technological knowledge, skills and values. Its
mission is to
 provide a learning environment to science inclined
children through a special curriculum that
recognizes the multiple intelligence of the learner.
 promote the development of lifelong learning skills
and
 Foster the holistic development of the learners.

The subject science and health is taught in grade 1 with

a longer time compared to other subjects. 70 minutes for
grade 1-3 and 80 minutes for grade 4-6.
Quezon City Regional Science High School
The school was established on September
17, 1967. Originally it was named Quezon City
Science High School but in 1999 it was turned
into a regional science high school for the national
capital region.
The focus of the curriculum in on science
and technology. The school still teaches the basic
education prescribed by the DepEd for secondary
education. However, there are additional subjects
in sciences and technology that student should
take. The school is well supported by the local
government unit and by the parents and teachers
association.
Manila Science High School

The was established on October 1,

1963 as Manila Science High School
(MSHS). It is the first science high school
in the Philippines. The organization and
curriculum puts more emphasis on science
and mathematics. MSHS aims to produce
scientists with soul. In order to do these
humanities courses and other electives are
included in their curriculum.
LEGISLATED SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
 VALMASCI
 PASAY CITY SCIENCE H.S

 CALOOCAN CITY SCIENCE H.S, etc.

Central Visayan Institute Foundation

It is the home and pioneer of the prominent

school based innovation known as Dynamic
Learning Program (DLP) is synthesis of classical
and modern pedagogical theories adapted to
foster the highest level of learning creativity and
productivity. The school takes pride in its
Research Center for Theoretical Physics (RCTP)
established in 1992, which organizes small
international workshops to foster the informal but
intense exchange of ideas and perspectives on
outstanding problems in physics and
mathematics.
 SELECTED
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
Indigenous knowledge- the foundation of indigenous science.
Indigenous knowledge system- indigenous knowledge that are
taught and practiced by the indigenous people.
Examples of indigenous knowledge:
 Predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge
in observing animals’ behavior and celestial bodies;
 Using herbal medicine
 Preserving foods
 Classifying plants and animals into families and groups
based on cultural properties
 Preserving and selecting good seeds for planting
 Using indigenous technology in daily lives
 Building local irrigation systems
 Classifying different types of soil for planting based on
cultural properties
 Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits
 Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the
yard.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
 Indigenous science is part of the
indigenous knowledge system practiced by
different groups of people and early
civilizations. It includes complex arrays of
knowledge, expertise, practices, and
representations that guide human
societies in their numerable interactions
with the natural milieu: agriculture,
medicine, naming and explaining natural
phenomena, and strategies for coping with
changing environments.
 Iaccarino said that science is
a part of culture.
 Pawilen (2006) developed a
simple framework for
understanding indigenous
science.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

uses guided by composed of

Science Process Skills Community Culture Traditional
and Values Knowledge
 THE CONCEPT OF INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
 Indigenous science is important in the development
of science and technology in the Philippines. Like the
ancient civilizations, indigenous science gave birth to
the development of science and technology as a field
and as a discipline.
 Indigenous science helped people in understanding
the natural environment and in coping with everyday
life.
 UNESCO’s Declaration on Science and the Use of
Scientific Knowledge (1999).

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE- one of the foundations

of modern science.
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 SCIENCE CURRICULUM GOAL

Development of scientifically,
technologically, and environmentally
literate and productive members of society
who are
• critical problem solvers
• responsible stewards of nature
• innovative and creative citizens
• informed decision makers, and
• effective communicators.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SELECTED INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGIES
 AEROGAS CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR (ACC)
 This invention was named "Aerogas Catalytic
Combustor (ACC)", invented by a Filipino Chemical
Engineer MARINTO C. MARTINEZ back in the early
90's which was intended to increase the engine power
for the race cars. Later when the knew that aside
from the increase of horse power the device can also
significantly reduce smoke emission and save fuel.
SALT (SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE
LIGHTING)
 The SALt Lamp is an environment-friendly and
sustainable alternative light source that runs on
saltwater, making it suitable to those who live in
coastal areas.
 Aisa Mijeno
SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS
TRICYCLE
 2015 by Atoy Llave (The man behind A-Toy
Bodykits)
SEATWORK

 Does Nation Building matter? Why

 Is Science and Technology important in Nation
Building? Why
 How do you describe a life based on the
aspirations of Ambisyon Natin 2040? “Matatag,
Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay”?