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BIOMETRICS

Definition
´ Biometrics is the identification or
verification of human identity through the
measurement of repeatable physiological
and behavioral characteristicsµ
V —hysiological
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V Behavioral
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Basic characteristics of BIOMETRIC
Technologies:
V îniversality:Every person should have the characteristic.
People who are mute or without a fingerprint will need to be
accommodated in some way.
V îniqueness: Generally, no two people have identical
characteristics. However, identical twins are hard to distinguish.
V —ermanence: The characteristics should not vary with time. A
person's face, for example, may change with age.
V Collectibility: The characteristics must be easily collectible and
measurable.
V —erformance: The method must deliver accurate results under
varied environmental circumstances.
V xcceptability: The general public must accept the sample
collection routines. Nonintrusive methods are more acceptable.
V Circumvention: The technology should be difficult to deceiv
{orking principle:

V Biometric devices consist of a reader or


scanning device software that converts
the gathered information into digital form,
and a database that stores the biometric
data with comparison with existing
records.

V Enrollment Mode.
V Verification Mode.
Modes:

V Enrollment Mode:
A sample of the biometric trait is
captured, processed by a computer,
and stored for later comparison.

V Verification Mode:
In this mode biometric system
authenticates a person·s claimed identity
from their previously enrolled pattern.
Biometric Modalities:
Fingerprint Recognition:

For fingerprint Recognition look at:

0 Friction ridges.
0 Core
0 Crossover.
0 Delta.
0 Island
0 Ridge Ending.
0 —ore.
Minutiae

V îses ridge endings ,bifurcations on a


person·s finger to plot points know as
Minutiae.
V The number and locations of the minutiae
vary from finger to finger in any particular
person, and from person to person for any
particular finger.
Face Recognition:

It involves recognizing people by there:


V Facial features.
V Face geometry.

—rinciple:
V Analysis of unique shape, pattern and
positioning of facial features.
Voice Recognition:

V ëoice recognition is not the same as


speech recognition, it is speaker
recognition.
V Considered both physiological and
behavioral.
V Popular and low-cost, but less accurate
and sometimes lengthy enrollment.
Styles of spoken input:

These system have three styles of spoken


inputs:

V Text Dependent.
V Text prompted.
V Text Independent.
Iris Recognition:

Iris

V It is the coloured area of the eye that


surrounds the pupil.
V Iris a protected internal organ whose
random texture is stable throughout life.
V The iris patterns are obtained through a
video-based image acquisition system .
Signature Verification:

V Static/Off-line:the conventional way.

V Dynamic/On-line:using electronically
instrumented device.
—rinciple:
The movement of the pen during the signing
process rather than the static image of the
signature.Many aspects of the signature in
motion can be studied, such as pen
pressure, the sound the pen makes.
—ersonal fingerprint safes:

V These safes are revolutionary locking


systems storage cases that open with just
the touch of your finger.
xdvantages of Biometrics:
V Biometric identification can provide extremely
accurate, secured access to information;
fingerprints, retinal and iris scans produce
absolutely unique data sets when done
properly.
V Current methods like password verification have
many problems (people write them down, they
forget them, they make up easy-to-hack
passwords) .
V Automated biometric identification can be
done very rapidly and uniformly, with a minimum
of training .
V Your identity can be verified without resort to
documents that may be stolen, lost or altered.
Disadvantages of BIOMETRICS:
V The finger print of those people working in
Chemical industries are often affected.
Therefore these companies should not use
the finger print mode of authentication.
V It is found that with age, the voice of a
person differs. Also when the person has flu
or throat infection the voice changes or if
there there are too much noise in the
environment this method maynot
authenticate correctly. Therefore this
method of verification is not workable all the
time
V For people affected with diabetes, the eyes
get affected resulting in differences.
V Biometrics is an expensive security solution.
BIOMETRICS SECîRITY:

Security personnel look for biometric


data that does not change over the
course of your life; that is, they look for
physical characteristics that stay
constant and that are difficult to fake or
change on purpose.
THANK YOU !!!

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