IEEE 802.

16a Standard and WiMAX

Igniting Broadband Wireless Access
Guided By -:Dr.M.U.Kharat
Content

What is WiMAX?
Introduction and Need.
Overview of the IEEE 802.16a Standard.
Interoperability Problem with standard.
802.16 Characteristics
Air interfaces For 802.16a
PHY layer Features
 MAC layer Features
 Compare with Other Wireless Technologies
What is WiMAX?
 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
 BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) Solution.

 Standard (IEEE 802.16 is the standard) for constructing Wireless

Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs).

 Can go places where no wired infrastructure can reach.

 Backhauling Wi-Fi hotspots & cellular networks.

 Offers new and exciting opportunities to established and newly

emerging companies.
Introduction and Need of 802.16

The 802.16a standard Specifies a protocol .

To Accelerate the Broadband Equipments market.
Increase System performances and reliability for
wireless technologies.
Cover Lower Frequency Bands in Range 2-11GHz.
For NLOS.
Market need of Alternative to Cables,DSL T1 level
services.
Support to Voices and Video Services.
Overview of the IEEE 802.16a Standard.

Absences of truly Global Standards .

WLAN (802.11x) was not will Suited for outdoor
BWA Application.
Limitation for Bandwidth and Subscribers and Range
for WLAN.
With the Analysis and review of IEEE(Working
Group) Come up With Complex and developed
Standards .
 With QoS and Last Mile Access Market.
Broad industry Support to Development of Standard
Further.
Came up with Carrier Class performances.
Interoperability Problem with standard.

Adoption of Standard is always a problem at Initial

Stage.
Product Should Interoperate.
End Users can buy they like with features they want
work with alike certified products.
IEEE does not fulfill the interoperate problem leading
to mass Adoption.
WiMAX leaded to Come up with this Problem.
Events to test Interoperability for IEEE 802.16 By
WiMAX.
802.16 Characteristics
 Point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access
 Operates in 10-66 GHz spectrum
 Data rates up to 134 Mbps
 Requires directional line-of-sight (LOS) propagation

 802.16a adopted to address these concerns

 Operates in 2-11 GHz spectrum
 Eliminates need for directional LOS propagation
 Greater range but lower data rates
Air interfaces For 802.16a

Major Changes to the PHY layer Specification

The 2-11 GHz band specification is given in the IEEE
802.16a standard. Three types of air interfaces are
supported in this band:
WirelessMAN SC2: uses a single carrier modulation
format
WirelessMAN OFDM: uses OFDM with 256 point
transform
WirelessMAN OFDMA: uses OFDM with 2048 point
transform
IEEE 802.16a PHY layer.
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing(OFDM) and single carrier Mode
 Multiplexing technique that divides the channel into
multiple orthogonal sub channels
 Input data stream is divided into several sub streams of a
lower data rate (increased symbol duration) and each sub
stream is modulated and simultaneously transmitted on a
separate sub channel
 High spectral efficiency, resilient to interference, and low
multi-path distortion
 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
overcome the challenges of NLOS propagation.
 The WiMAX OFDM waveform offers the advantage of
being able to operate with the larger delay spread.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA)
Multiple-access/multiplexing scheme
multiplexing operation of data streams from multiple
users
Dynamically assign a subset of subchannels to individual
users
Wireless MAN-OFDMA based on scalable OFDMA
(SOFDMA)
Support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.25 to 20
MHz
802.16 PHY Block Diagram
 Error
 Data  OFDM
Control
Source Modulator
Encoding

 Wireles
 Channel
s
Estimato Channe
r l

 Error  Channel
 BER  OFDM
Control Equalize
Tester Demodulator
Decoding r
IEEE 802.16a MAC layer.
802.16 MAC
WirelessMAN operates at MAC sub-layer of Data
Link Layer

MAC layer is further subdivided into three layers

Convergence sub-layer (CS)
Common part sub-layer (CPS)
Privacy sub-layer
802.16 MAC: CS Layer
Interoperability requires convergence sub-layer to be
service specific
Separate CS layers for ATM & packet protocols

CS Layer:
Receives data from higher layers
Classifies data as ATM cell or packet
Forwards frames to CPS layer
802.16 MAC: CPS Layer
 Performs typical MAC functions such as addressing
 Each SS assigned 48-bit MAC address
 Connection Identifiers used as primary address after initialization

 MAC policy determined by direction of transmission

 Uplink is DAMA-TDMA
 Downlink is TDM

 Data encapsulated in a common format facilitating

interoperability
 Fragment or pack frames as needed
 Changes transparent to receiver
802.16 MAC: Privacy Sub-Layer
Provides secure communication
Data encrypted with cipher clock chaining mode of DES
Prevents theft of service
SSs authenticated by BS using key management protocol
IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX are designed as a
complimentary technology to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
WiMAX Applications
IEEE 802.16 MAC – commonly used terms
BS – Base Station
SS – Subscriber Station, (i.e., CPE)
DL – Downlink, i.e. from BS to SS
UL – Uplink, i.e. from SS to BS
FDD – Frequency Division Duplex
TDD – Time Division Duplex
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
TDM – Time Division Multiplexing
OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access
QoS – Quality of Service
References
“IEEE 802.16a Standard and WiMAX Igniting
Broadband Wireless Access”, White Paper.
WiMAX’s technology for LOS and NLOS
environments”, WiMAX Forum.
Carl Eklund, Roger B. Marks, Kenneth L. Stanwood,
Stanley Wang, “IEEE Standard 802.16: A technical
overview of the WirelessMAN Air Interface for
Broadband Wireless Access”, IEEECommunications
Magazine, June 2002.
Thank You