CONIC SECTIONS

Conic sections, also known as conics, are formed by

intersecting a double-napped cone with a plane. There
are four main conic sections, namely, circles, parabolas,
ellipses and hyperbolas.
CONIC SECTIONS - FOUR TYPES
CIRCLE
EXAMPLES OF CIRCLE IN DAILY LIFE
Circle
It is a conic section that is
formed by intersecting a
cone with a plane that is
perpendicular to the axis
of the cone.
A circle is the set of points in a plane that are
equidistant from a given point, called the
center.

The radius (plural, radii) of the circle is the

distance between each of its points and the
center.
 CENTRE OF THE CIRCLE

The fixed point inside the circle which is at equal

` distance from every point on the circle is called
CENTRE of the circle.
 RADIUS OF A CIRCLE
B
A

C D

E
Radius of a circle is a line joining centre of the circle
to any point on the circle.
Standard Form of the Equation of a
Circle

Let us derive the standard equation of a

circle when its center is at the origin or at the
point (0,0)!
Since a circle is defined as a set of points equidistant
from the center, we can use the distance formula to
determine an equation of a circle. We begin with a
circle having its center at the origin passing through
a point and having a radius r.
CENTER–RADIUS FORM/STANDARD FORM OF THE
EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WITH CENTER AT THE
ORIGIN
The standard form of the equation of a circle with its center
at the origin is

x y r
2 2 2

r is the radius of the circle so if we take the square root of the right
hand side, we'll know how big the radius is.

Notice that both the x and y terms are squared. Linear equations don’t
have either the x or y terms squared. Parabolas have only the x term
was squared (or only the y term, but NOT both).
EXAMPLES:
Find the standard form of the circle whose center
is at the origin given the following radius or
diameter.

1) r = 2 units
2) d = 18 units
3) r = 5 units
How about the circles which the centers are not
at the center? What is the standard equation
for this?

Let us derive the standard equation of the circles

having center neither at the origin nor at the
point (0,0).
Find the distance from the center of the circle (h,k) to any
point on the circle (represented by (x,y)). This is the radius
of the circle.

Review the distance formula:

d  ( x2  x1 )2  ( y2  y1 )2
(x,y)
Substitute in the values.
r ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2 r
(h,k)
Square both sides to get
x
the center-radius form of a
circle.
r 2  ( x  h)2  ( y  k )2
y
EXAMPLES:

Determine the standard equation of the

circle given the coordinates of its center
and the length of its radius.

a. Center at (2,-3) and r=3

b. Center at (1/2, 1/4) and r=6
 FIND THE CENTER AND RADIUS FOR
EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CIRCLES.

center is (3, 1) r  4

center is (5, 2) r  15

center is (0, 2) r  3
4. Write the equation of a circle centered at (2,-7) and
having a radius of 5.
(x - 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = 25

5. Describe (x - 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 0

A point at (2,-1)

6. Describe (x + 1)2 + (y - 3)2 = -1

No graph
7. Write the equation of a circle whose diameter is the line segment
joining A(-3,-4) and B(4,3).
What must you find first?
The center and the radius.
How can you find the center?
The center is the midpoint of the segment.
(½ , - ½ )
How can you find the radius?
The radius is the distance from the center to a point on the circle.
Use the distance formula.
7 2
r=
2
The equation is: 2 2
 1  1 49
x   y  
 2  2 2
EXERCISES:
In each item, give the standard equation of the circle
satisfying the given conditions.

1) center at the origin, radius 4

2) center (−4, 3), radius square root of 7
3) center (5,−6), tangent to the y-axis
4) center (5,−6), tangent to the x-axis
5) has a diameter with endpoints A(−1, 4) and B(4, 2)
General Form of the Equation of a
Circle

Before we discuss about that, let us just have a short

review about the Completing the Square.
Examples:
Find the value of x using completing the square:

1) x2 + 6x – 7 = 0
2) x2 - 8x – 9 = 0
3) x2 + x – 1 = 0
General Form of the Equation of a Circle

Ax 2 + Ay +
2 Dx + Ey + F = 0
Transforming the equation of a circle
from the general form to the
standard form and vice versa.
Examples:
Determine the standard form of the equation of the
circle defined by

4x2 + 4y2 - 4x + 24y + 1 = 0

Determine the general form of the equation of the

circle defined by

(x + 5)2 + (y – 6)2 = 4
Identify the center and radius of the circle with the
given equation in each item

1) x2 + y2 - 6x = 7
2) x2 + y2 - 14x + 2y + 14 = 0
3) 16x2 + 16y2 + 96x - 40y = 315
Examples:
The equation of a circle in x-y plane is given by
x2 -2x+ y2 +2y=0. Determine the circumference of the
circle. /

C= 8.88
Solve for the equation of a line tangent to a circle
whose equation is x2 + y2-4x-21=0 at a point (-1, 4).

3x-4y+19=0
Graphing of a Circle
Let's look at the equation x  y 9
2 2

This is r2 so r = 3

The center of the circle is at the origin and the radius is 3. Let's
graph this circle.

Count out 3 in all Center at (0, 0)

directions since that is
the radius

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 If the center of the circle is NOT at the origin then the equation for the
standard form of a circle looks like this:

x  h  2
 y  k   r
2 2

The center of the circle is at (h, k). This is r2 so r = 4

 x  3 2
  y  1  16
2

Find the center and radius and graph this circle.

The center of the circle is at (h, k) which is (3,1).

The radius is 4

- - - - - - - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given
equation in each item. Sketch its graph, and indicate the
center.

1) x2 + y2 - 5x + 4y = 46
2) 4x2 + 4y2 + 40x – 32y = 5
Give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the
given conditions

1) circle A in Figure 1.9

2) circle B in Figure 1.9
Modeling the Real World

Dolores is building a circular fountain and a concrete

walkway around it. The landscape architect gave her a
drawing of the design, as shown in Figure 12.2, with distances
measured in feet.
Activity no.2
1) Use the equations given to determine the radius of
each circle.
2) Determine the area of the fountain and the
concrete walkway combined.
3) Determine the area of the walkway.
4) Determine the circumference of the outer edge of
the walkway.
PERFORMANCE TASK

Each item must be answered in short bond papers.

Compile it in a short sliding folder.
I will demonstrate the format.
3.)