TRADE &

FINANCE

DIPLOMATIC DEFENCE &

STRATEGIES MILITARY

FOREIGN
POLICY

NATIONAL
GOALS
INTEREST

In this timeline, we explore the nuances of India’s

role in global politics from the independence era,
and the timely development of our foreign policy
to suit our needs.
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3
 Non-Alignment in the
international arena

3 key
pillars of
India’s
Foreign
Preservation of autonomy Policy Solidarity among newly
in domestic affairs decolonized states

This policy continued throughout the Cold War, when India leaned
towards the Soviet Union while deftly maintaining strategic
autonomy and charting its own course in a bipolar international
order.
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 P
A
N
C
H
S
H
E
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is the architect of India’s E
foreign policy, who established the five principles of
peaceful co-existence. 5 L
NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
 Founding member countries – India, Indonesia,
Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.

 Objectives of NAM

① Strengthen World Peace

② Protection of Human Rights

③ Discourage Disarmament

④ Promotion of Scientific Culture

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 Challenges of the 1950’s
 1947/48 – Unrest over
Kashmir between
India and Pakistan
 1951 – Bandung
Conference to
establish Non-Aligned
Movement
 1954-57 – Ratification
and implementation
of a separate
Constitution for
Jammu & Kashmir
 1959 – Tibet uprisings 7
 1960’s tensions of war
 1961 – Belgarde Conference (first official meet of
the NAM Movement)

 1962 – Sino Indian War

 1964 – Kashmir issue is referred to the UNSC

 1965 – Indo-Pak War

 1966 – Tashkent Agreement initiated by Lal Bahadur

Shastri

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 SINO-INDIAN WAR (1962)
 Tibet uprisings – political asylum granted to the
Dalai Lama in 1959
 Both countries lay claim to Aksai Chin
 PLA launches attacks on Indian Posts at Nathu
La
 Sikkim, then ‘protectorate’ becomes a state of
the Indian Union
 Tibet remains an autonomous region in
congruence with China
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Skirmishes in the 1970’s period

 1971 – Third Indo-Pak War is fought

(Bangladesh Liberation War)

 1972 – The Shimla Agreement is

signed by Pakistani Prime Minister
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indian Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi, specifying
the Line Of Control

 1974 – Nuclear test of Smiling

Buddha carried out at Pokhran,
Rajasthan

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 INDIA CHINA RELATIONS
 Border skirmishes

 Cultural and Economic disputes

 Nathu-La and Cho-La Conflicts (1962 and 1967)

 Rajiv Gandhi proposes Line of Actual Control in 1988

 Doklam Plateau Crisis

 Chumbin Valley, Siliguri Corridor

 China’s One Belt One Road Project (OBOR)

 Trade Wars
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INDO – PAKISTAN
WARS
1989 – Armed
resistance in Kashmir
1992 – Joint
Declaration prohibiting
use of chemical
weapons
1999 – Reaffirmation to
Shimla Accord (1972)
 1999 - Kargil War

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 INDIA – PAKISTAN
RELATIONS

 1980’s – Siachen conflict

 1989 – Kashmir insurgency
 2001 – terrorist attack on Indian Parliament
 2003 – Ceasefire Agreement
 2008 - Terrorist attacks on Mumbai
 2015 – bilateral talks between PM Narendra Modi and
Nawaz Sharieff
 2016 – Pathankot attack
 2019 – Pulwama Attack

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21st CENTURY
FOREIGN
POLICY
CONCERNS

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 INDIA AT PRESENT
 ASEAN - created in 1967, at present 10 member states,
AIFTA (ASEAN India Free Trade Area) came into effect in
2010.
 SAARC – established with 8 member states in 1985 by
signing the SAARC charter. India shares borders with all 6
SAARC members, SAFTA in place since 2006.
 G20 – created in 1999, India will host G20-2022, energy
security, financial stability, sustainability, reformed
multilateralism, counter-terrorism.
 BRICS – formed in 2006, goals include creating a CRA
(Contingent Reserve Arrangement) and New Development Bank.

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 INDIA’S NUCLEAR DEAL
 1968 – India refused to sign NPT (Nuclear Non
Proliferation Treaty)
 1994 – India refuses to sign Comprehensive Test Ban
Treaty (CTBT)
 1996 – Pokhran II
 2003 – India adopts its Nuclear Doctrine – “No First Use”
 2005 – India signs Civil Nuclear Agreement with USA and
INSG
 2015 onwards – India signs inter-governmental Rafale
Deal with France

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 PRESENTATION BY :-
 NAINIKA SATISH

 NIDHI BANNUR

 SANJANA MUKUND

 SPRHA KARTHIK

 VARUN B REDDY

CLASS XII – G (2019-20)

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BANGALORE SOUTH

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