Major Stages of Reading Skills Development

 Age- appropriate oral

language development
A. Reading and vocabulary
 Appreciation of stories
Readiness and books
 Understanding the
alphabetic principle
 Ability to distinguish
shapes
 Ability to identify at least
some letters of the
alphabet
 B. Beginning Reading

 Includes the
1. Print concept of book
orientation
Awareness
  The understanding
that the sounds of
2. Phonemic spoken language work
Awareness together to make
words.
 A phoneme is a single
speech sound (e.g. the
letter b represents the
sound /b/)
 When working on
phonemic awareness,
pupils are taught
about sounds (no
written letters are
used)
  The understanding
that there is a
3. Phonics relationship between
phonemes (the sound
of spoken language)
and graphemes (the
letters and spellings
that represent these
sounds in written
language)
 When phonics
instruction is being
given, students are
taught how to relate
letters and sounds.
  Includes:
 Listening vocabulary
4. Vocabulary
 Speaking vocabulary
 Reading vocabulary
 Writing vocabulary
 Vocabulary refers to
the words that we
must know in order to
communicate
effectively
  Refers to the ability to
read text accurately
5. Fluency and quickly
 It provides a bridge
between word
recognition and
comprehension
 Fluent readers do not
have to concentrate
on decoding so they
can focus their efforts
on making meaning
of the text.
  Refers to the
6. ability to make
Comprehension meaning out of
the text