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SUMMARIZING
QUOTING
Part 1
PARAPHRASING
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students
can:
Understand the process to rephrase
paragraphs.
Vary ways of expressions or sentence
building.
Use synonyms smoothly.
Make abstract facts and ideas concrete
to a general or different audience.
Lead-in
Pair work: Restate the sayings:
SUMMARIZING
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students
can:
Understand the process to write a summary
Draw general ideas from a long text
Use general terms to replace many specific
ones
Use a variety of sentence structures with
equivalent meanings
Be confident to use synonyms
Lead-in
Report one of these topics
Language to use
QUOTING – AVOIDING
PLAGIARISM
Objectives
-understand how to use three kinds of external
sources
-understand about plagiarism in writing
-use quotations, paraphrases and summaries
in a paragraph without committing plagiarism
-use suitable documentation styles for
summaries and paraphrases
-use introductory verbs and punctuation rules
for quotations
-use different sentence structures
Lead in: Read and identify who writes or speaks the
following statements:
1. We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what
we give.
2. But love is blind and lovers cannot see
The pretty follies that themselves commit;
For if they could, Cupid himself would blush
To see me thus transformed to a boy.
3. By all means marry; if you get a good wife, you'll be
happy. If you get a bad one, you'll become a philosopher.
4. Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent
perspiration.
5. Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the
overcoming of it.
6. Imagination is more important than knowledge...
7. Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no
influence on society.
8. Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do
not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not
deserve to live.
1. William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act II Scene
6-Greatest English dramatist & poet (1564 - 1616)
2. Thomas A. Edison, Harper's Monthly, 1932
3. Sir Winston Churchill - British politician (1874 - 1965)
4. Adolf Hitler, His 3rd Public Speech After taking Power.
German Nazi dictator, orator, & politician (1889 - 1945)
5. Albert Einstein - US (German-born) physicist (1879 - 1955)
6. Socrates - Greek philosopher in Athens (469 BC - 399 BC)
7. Helen Keller - US blind & deaf educator (1880 - 1968)
8. Mark Twain - US humorist, novelist, short story author, &
wit (1835 - 1910)
Understanding quotations
deliberate accidental
Avoiding plagiarism
Cite every piece of information that is not a) the result
of your own research, or b) common knowledge
At the beginning of the first sentence make it clear that
what comes next is someone else's idea:
According to Smith...
Jones says...
In his 1987 study, Robinson proved...
At the end of the last sentence, insert a parenthetical
citation to show where the material came from (name
of author, name of book/article, year of publication)
E.g. Rooks, G.M. (1999), Paragraph Power, New York:
Pearson Education
TIME FOR PRACTICE