Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
TODDLERS
(18 MONTHS- 3 YEARS OLD)
ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY
OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
During the toddler period (1-3 years old),
children accomplish a wide array of
developmental tasks and change from largely
immobile and preverbal infants who are
dependent on caregivers for the fulfillment of
most needs to walking, talking young
children with a growing sense of autonomy
(independence).
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
TODDLERS?
Virtue: Will
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
The child shows independence by controlling eliminative
functions and motor abilities
They begin to explore their surroundings and direct own
motor activity.
“NEGATIVISM”- Saying “NO”
PARENTS should:
provide a strong base of security from which the child can
Anal retentive:
- Obsession with organization or excessive
neatness, selfish, meticulous
Anal Expulsive:
- Reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized/
messy
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S
THEORY OF
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Pre-conventional
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
2. Self-interest orientation
(What's in it for me?)
happening :
PRECONCEPTUAL PHASE (2-4 YEARS OLD)
Paint a wall together. Show your child how to use your shoulder
movements as you paint. It is great to paint on the outside of
glass sliding doors with water paint that can easily be washed off.
PARENTING A TODDLER
Invest in a building block set with various shapes. Name the
shapes as you play with your child.
Cardboard boxes make wonderful toys and put the fun into
parenting a toddler. Children love to play with boxes, smaller
boxes for making a box train to pull their soft toys along and
bigger boxes to making a play house with blankets and
cushions.
It is great fun for boys and girls to play with a ball. Start by
rolling soft balls of various sizes to each other and later
kicking and throwing various sized ball outside.
Play games where you put things in various positions. For
example; “The teddy is on top of the table”, or, “The teddy is
now under the table.” Later you can ask “Where is the teddy
now?”
PARENTING A TODDLER
Talk about things in descriptive language.
“That is a big, noisy truck” “Look how small
the red kite is in the sky.”
Big building blocks or counting blocks are
great fun.
PARENTING A TODDLER
From about 18 months:
Read basic stories that apply to their daily lives in a positive way: Such
as, washing dishes and other chores, bicycles, bath time, bedtime,
seasons, swimming, animals, pets, gardening, road safety and books
that encourage imagination.
Use finger puppets to tell stories with the puppets talking to each
other.
Play under the lawn sprinkler on a hot, sunny day.
Use play dough as much as possible. Feeling the textures and learning
to understand the basics of developing shapes is very important.
Make a point of complimenting and encouraging your children on a
daily basis just for who they are.
Invest in a jungle gym and swings or visit a safe play park where
possible
PARENTING A TODDLER
From about 24 months: