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UJI T

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MACAM-MACAM UJI T

UJI T

UJI T,
2 SAMPEL

UJI T,
UJI T,
SAMPEL INDEPENDEN
1 SAMPEL
UJI T,
SAMPEL DEPENDEN

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Penggunaan :
 Uji statistik parametrik 
 1 sampel/ 2 sampel

 Ukuran sampel < 30 atau ≥ 30

 Menguji hipotesa komparatif rata-rata 2


sampel bila datanya berbentuk kontinyu
(INTERVAL/RATIO)

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populasi populasi
Sampel 1

sampel Sampel 2

Saling bebas Berpasangan/


/independent/ paired
separated 4
T test ( Separate and Paired )

Assumptions

 normal distribution of data, tested by


using either the Shapiro-Wilk or
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
 equality of variances, tested by using
either the F test, the more robust
Levene's test, Bartlett's test, or the
Brown & Forsythe test

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Contoh Uji normalitas

Tests of Normality
a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Umur responden (th) .124 34 .200* .950 34 .120
Distribusi
Jumlah batang rokok NORMAL
.162 34 .024 .891 34 .003
perhari
Lama merokok (tahun) .208 34 .001 .900 34 .005
Ukuran diameter
.222 34 .000 .906 34 .007
tumor (cm)
HU (kontras) .203 34 .001 .851 34 .000
HU (non-kontras) .120 34 .200* .954 34 .161
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

N < 50 : PAKAI Shapiro-Wilk6


Lebih peka !
T test ( Separate and Paired )

Asumsi
 Sampel dapat berasal dari sampel dependen
atau independen, tergantung pada hipotesis
dan jenis sampelnya:
 Independent samples are usually two,
randomly selected groups,
 Typically, terdiri dari 2 kelompok yang
tidak berhubungan;
 Biasanya utk penelitian survei

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T test ( Separate and Paired )

Assumptions
 Sampel dapat berasal dari sampel dependen
atau independen, tergantung pada hipotesis
dan jenis sampelnya:
 Dependent samples are either two groups
matched on some variable (for example,
age) or are the same people being tested
twice (called repeated measures),
 typically consist of a matched sample (or a
"paired" sample) or one group that has
been tested twice (repeated measures).

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Determining type

1. Dependent t-tests
 Dependent t-tests are also used for used for
matched samples, where two groups are
matched on a particular variable.
 For example, if we examined the heights of men
and women in a relationship, the two groups
are matched on relationship status. This would
call for a dependent t-test because it is a
paired sample (one man paired with one
woman).
 Alternatively, we might recruit 100 men and
100 women, with no relationship between
any particular man and any particular woman;
in this case we would use an independent
samples test.
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Determining type

2. Repeated t-tests
a repeated measures t-test would
be if one group were pre- and post-
tested.
 (This example occurs in education quite
frequently.) If a teacher wanted to
examine the effect of a new set of
textbooks on student achievement, (s)he
could test the class at the beginning of
the year (pretest) and at the end of the
year (posttest).
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Statistical Analysis of the t-test
 The formula for the t-test is a ratio.
The top part of the ratio is just the
difference between the two means or
averages.

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UJI BEDA RATA2 1 SAMPEL

 Data kontinyu
 Berdistribusi normal

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UJI BEDA RATA-RATA ( uji Z) -1
 Uji hipotesis thd 1 nilai rata-
rata, ukuran sampel ≥ 30
 Mean populasi = mean sampel
 Data berdistribusi normal
 Nilai  = 0 di tengah kurva
 RUMUS :
x  
Z 
 / n
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UJI BEDA RATA-RATA ( uji Z) -2

 Lefel of Sign (  ) 5% 1%

 Daerah Kritis

a. Satu ekor/1 arah ± 1,64 ± 2,33

b. Dua ekor/ 2 arah ± 1,96 ± 2,58

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Contoh Uji Z 1 sampel
 Diketahui rata2 tinggi badan (TB)
penduduk dewasa negara A = 160 cm
dg standar deviasi= 20 cm. Hasil
penelitian pada 100 orang ternyata
diperoleh rata2 TB = 165 cm
 Ditanyakan :
Apakah hasil penelitian tsb sign ?
( tidak ada perbedaan) pada =5 % ?

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Langkah2 uji Z
1. Buat hipotesis
2. Tentukan = 5 %, n=100  titik
kritis (tabel)
3. Masukkan rumus

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UJI BEDA RATA-RATA ( uji t) -2
 Uji hipotesis thd 1 nilai rata-
rata, ukuran sampel < 30
 Mean populasi = mean sampel
 Data berdistribusi normal
 Nilai  = 0 di tengah kurva
 RUMUS :
x
t 
 / n
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Contoh Uji-t 1 sampel
 Dari hasil dugaan diketahui kadar
nikotin rokok X yg diduga sebesar 20
mg/batang. Untuk membuktikan dugaan
tsb diteliti sebanyak 16 batang rokok X,
setelah diukur diperoleh rata-rata kadar
nikotin sebesar 21 mg, dgn standar
deviasi ()= 5
 Permasalahan : apakah kadar nikotin
sampel lebih besar dari standar ?

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Langkah2 uji t
1. Buat hipotesis
2. Tentukan = 5 %, n=16  titik kritis
(tabel)
3. Masukkan rumus

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DUA SAMPEL SALING BEBAS

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UJI BEDA RATA2 2 SAMPEL
SALING BEBAS  UJI Z

 Poolled varians
:  diketahui, nilai “=”
 Separated varians
:  diketahui, nilai “≠”

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UJI BEDA RATA2 2 SAMPEL SALING BEBAS

RUMUS UJI Z:
Pooled varians : x  x
Z  1 2

1 1

n1 n2

Separated varians :
( 1 ≠ 2 ) 
Z  x 1 x 2

 12  22

n1 n2

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UJI BEDA RATA2 2 SAMPEL
SALING BEBAS  UJI t

 Poolled varians
: 2 tdk diketahui, nilai =(s12 = s22)
 Separated varians
:  tdk diketahui,nilai ≠ (s12≠ s22)

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UJI BEDA RATA2 2 SAMPEL SALING BEBAS

RUMUS UJI t:
Pooled varians : t x  x
 1 2

( 1 = 2 ) 2 n1  n 2
S gab
n 1 .n 2
2 2
( n1  1) s1  ( n 2  1) s 2
S gab 
2

n1  n 2  2

Separated varians : x  x
t  1 2

( 1 ≠ 2 )  12  22

n1 n 2
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DUA SAMPEL BERPASANGAN

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DUA SAMPEL BERPASANGAN

RUMUS :



d
 di
t d 
n
SD(d) n 2
 di 2
(  d)
SD(d )  n 1

n( n  1)
Ket :
d = rata2 selisih pengamatan
SD(d) = standar deviasi selisih pengamatan
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DUA SAMPEL BERPASANGAN

Penerimaan Hipotesis :

 Ho ditolak, Ha diterima 
t hitung > t tabel, dk =n-1
atau
Nilai p (sign) < nilai 

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Contoh kasus :
 Suatu penelitian bertujuan untuk
mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan
rata-rata kadar Hb pada ibu hamil
sebelum diberi tablet besi
dibandingkan sesudah diberi tablet
besi selama beberapa waktu.

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Contoh kasus :
Hasil penelitian diperoleh data sbb
Sebelum Sesudah Selisih (di) di2
12,2 13,0 0,8 0,64
11,3 13,4 2,1 4,41
14,7 16,0 1,3 1,69
11,4 13,6 2,2 4,84
11,5 14,0 2,5 6,25
12,7 13,8 1,1 1,21
11,2 13,5 2,3 5,29
12,1 13,8 1,7 2,89
13,3 15,5 2,2 4,84
10,8 13,2 2,4 5,76 29
 di = 18,6
S di2 = 37,82
Masukkan
d = 1,86 RUMUS
SD = 0,657

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Contoh jenis uji hipotesis
T-Test

Group Statistics

Std. Error
Jenis kelamin N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
GDP pria 239 152.56 60.81 3.93
wanita 308 160.70 63.86 3.64

Independent Samples Test Nilai-p = 0,132


Levene's Test for
Tidak berbeda bermakna
Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Mean Std. Error Difference
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper
GDP Equal variances
.583 .445 -1.510 545 .132 -8.14 5.39 -18.73 2.45
assumed
Equal variances
-1.519 522.849 .129 -8.14 5.36 -18.67 312.39
not assumed
Contoh jenis uji hipotesis
T-Test
Paired Samples Statistics

Std. Error
Mean N Std. Deviation Mean
Pair Waktu penyembuhan
15.78 36 9.78 1.63
1 (hari) LNB
Waktu penyembuhan
17.53 36 10.55 1.76
(hari) SSD1%
Pair Total cost LNB 938826.39 36 1140701.34 190116.89
2 Total cost SSD1% 1838700 36 2184658.51 364109.75

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.
Pair Waktu penyembuhan
1 (hari) LNB & Waktu
penyembuhan (hari)
36 .967 .000 Nilai-p
SSD1% < 0,0001
Pair Total cost LNB &
36 .995 .000
2 Total cost SSD1%

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Std. Error Difference
Mean Std. Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair Waktu penyembuhan
1 (hari) LNB - Waktu
-1.75 2.71 .45 -2.67 -.83 -3.877 35 .000
penyembuhan (hari)
SSD1%
Pair Total cost LNB - Total 32
-899874 1056249.79 176041.63 -1257257 -542490 -5.112 35 .000
2 cost SSD1%
LATIHAN

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Hasil penelitian untuk
mengetahui apakah
terdapat perbedaan
rata-rata-kadar Hb
antara kelompok yg
diberi tablet Fe yg
sesuai dg tdk sesuai

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 Hasil penelitian untuk mengetahui
apakah terdapat perbedaan rata-rata-
kadar Hb sebelum diberi tablet Fe dg
sesudah diberi tablet Fe

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LATIHAN SOAL
p1 30 21 21 27 20 25 27 22 28 18
p2 31 22 37 24 30 35 25 42 30 38

UNTUK MENGETAHUI KEMAMPUAN MAHASISWA


DALAM MEMAHAMI PERKULIAHAN BIOSTATISTIK,
DIAMBIL 10 ORANG MAHASISWA DAN DIBERIKAN
SOAL UNTUK MENGERJAKANNYA, SEBELUM DAN
SETELAH PERKULIAHAN. BAGAIMANA
KESIMPULAN YANG DAPAT DIAMBIL
BERDASARKAN DATA TERSEBUT?

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