MAJOR CONCEPTS and

DEFINITIONS
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

The quality of
being confident
in stating one·s
6


opinions or
needs.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

A technique for
6 66 analyzing
66
 discussions.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

An individuals

assumption
  about self in
relation to others.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

Inactive, Acted
6 
on.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

Accepting

6
negative aspects
6
 about oneself.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

Active, Bold,
6 

Pushy.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

A technique

 involving

 repeating what
one wants.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

Agreeing with
  the truth.
MAJOR CONCEPTS and DEFINITIONS

Asking for more


6
 information

about oneself.
 BARRIERS TO
ASSERTIVENESS
 0
SEX

SEX ROLE SOCIALIZATION
MEN WOMEN
Aggressive Passive
Competitive Dependent
Independent Subjective
Objective Intuitive
Analytical Empathetic
Task Oriented Sensitive
Confident Interpersonally Oriented
Self Disciplined and Weak
Inconsistent and
Emotionally controlled
Emotionally Unstable
º
NURSING

NURSING SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
AND THE NATURE OF NURSING

à
ES T T
0.Subservience
2. Sacrifice
3. Humility
4. Service
è
FEMALE

FEMALE--MALE ROLE COMPETITION and
FEMALE--FEMALE RELATIONSHIP
FEMALE
PROBLEMS

MEN are more competitive with

women than other men
WOMEN are more competitive
with women than with men
QEEN BEE and TR SN
SYNDROME emerge
Œ at is Ô



?





 ÔUEEN BEE

‰ The queen bee identifies

with men, enjoys being told
that she is different from
most women, and feels
—
 to other women.
Πat is 
 
?


 TRASHING SYNDROME

‰ Trashing is a form of
i

i
——
——
that
divides women against one
another.
 TRASHING SYNDROME

‰ Rather than exposing

disagreements to resolve
differences, trashing is done 
— .
‰ The trasher may give
J—
J
 to others about
what the victim does and thinks or
tell her lies about what others think
of her.
 TRASHING SYNDROME

‰ Whatever method is used,

trashing is being
J


 — — and
— i.
TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

‰ Transactional nalysis is a
technique that can be used by
nurses for

 and
—

—.
‰ Developed by Eric Berne and
popularized by Thomas Harris,
Muriel James and Dorothy
Jongeward.
 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
Transactional Analysis sprung from:

mreud·s elements Berne·s ego states

of the psyche

0. Id 0.Parent
2. Ego 2.Child
3. Super Ego 3.Adult
EGO STATES
Parent, Child and Adult
 PARENT EGO STATE
‰ Õ— and is the — i 


 — 
—  —  
—
and —i
i—ii.
2 major types of P.E.S.

0. Nurturing Parent
2. Critical Parent
 CHILD EGO STATE

‰ Dominated by emotions and is

 
—
.
‰ It is the ü„
—
where
strong feelings are triggered by
immediate experiences.
 CHILD EGO STATE

2 major types of C.E.S.

0. Natural Spontaneous,
(Happy) Trusting, Joyful,
Adventurous
2. Adapted Suppressed, May
(Destructive) experience anger,
rebellion, fear or
conformity
 ADULT EGO STATE

‰ ——
and is
the J
  and

J——
.
‰ Collects info, sets goals,
compares alternatives, makes
decisions and plans and tests
reality.
Every individual exhibits
behavior from the 3 ego
states at 

J—.
A 
 

maintains a 

i
among them.
 Unfortunately, some people
are J
 by one or two
ego states and are likely to
i

J—for managers
and colleagues.
TRANSACTIONS
 TRANSACTIONS

‰ Interaction among people as

they participate as Ê
 
Õ  .
‰ A transaction or an observation
unit is an exchange between
people that consists of
iJ
J
 i——

—.
 TRANSACTIONS
ÕOMP
EMENT RY ÕROSSED
TR NS ÕTON TR NS ÕTON

Ê Ê Ê Ê

 TRANSACTIONS

D
T-to- D
T
ÕOMP
EMENT RY

Ê Ê

 TRANSACTIONS

P RENT-to-P RENT
ÕOMP
EMENT RY

Ê Ê

 TRANSACTIONS

Õ
D-to-Õ
D
ÕOMP
EMENT RY

Ê Ê

 TRANSACTIONS

P RENT-to-Õ
D
ÕOMP
EMENT RY

Ê Ê

 TR NS ÕTONS

‰ Transactions usually proceed in

a programmed series as

0. w
—Êi —

2. Ê
—J—
Πat are 
?


 RITUALS

‰ Rituals are series of simple

complementary transactions
that provide mutual stroking
with no real commitment.
 RITUALS

‰ Greeting rituals like

Ñ

Ñ




 

are used often where the
J
has become more important
than the i
 RITUALS

‰ The person that goes from

office to office participating in
rituals may get promoted
because he or she is a ü
 
 RITUALS

‰ People who work hard to

develop themselves may
become apathetic when they
realize —i
—J


i



J—

.
Œ at are Ê


Ê

?
 PASTIMES

‰ Pastimes are

—

—

——J  —to learn if
you have enough in common
to warrant further interaction.
 PASTIMES

‰ Common small talk includes

topics such as cooking, fashion,
costs, sports, mutual
acquaintances and recreation.
 PASTIMES

Ô
„
 

—J—iJ


J
 



w
 Ê„
iJ



w
GAME PLAYING
 GAME PLAYING

ü
J—
——

iJ
J
  

—
i—
——


 
i

 iJ
 
 u






 GAME PLAYING

‰ Games have a high stroke or

recognition potential but the




— —
 
.
 GAME PLAYING

‰ While playing games, people

dwell on their own sorrows and
inadequacies, make mistakes,
catch others making mistakes,
pass the buck and fail to meet
the obligations.
 GAME PLAYING

‰ People receive negative strokes

and get hurt while real
problems go unsolved.
 GAME PLAYING

‰ Ê i —Jbecause

people use their energies to
play games instead of getting
the job done.
 GAME PLAYING

Ê
—— 



——


——
 GAME PLAYING

‰ Consequently, in work
environments that do not provide
positive strokes, people have a
need to play games.
‰ Games —i 

—— 
— 
J
i .
 GAME PLAYING

‰ Games take many forms.

XGames that 
J others
includeÎ

ü

 



ü


 



 GAME PLAYING

XGames that

i others

includeÎ
ü






ü  
ü 

ü
ü


 
 
 GAME PLAYING

‰ On the other hand, —


 is
reinforced by games such as:
ü


ü 


ü

ü 


üÑ 

ü



 GAME PLAYING

‰ Games

—


—J.
‰ To i
— 
J—in the org,
one must —

—


 —.
 GAME PLAYING

‰ One should not play the

complementary role, but should

i
———

—J
i—

J
i .
 GAME PLAYING

‰ Manager should 
 


—
—



and i
—Jthrough
job enrichment and personnel
development.
 GAME PLAYING

‰ With good organization and

management, positive strokes can
become an intrinsic part of the
job.
 GAME PLAYING

Managers should foster an ü 


 

atmosphere.
 GAME PLAYING

i— such as working and

learning are goal directed and
have a high stroke potential.

„J
i is an open sharing of

experience with others; usually by
people with close relationships but
somehow by strangers.
LIFE POSITIONS
 LIFE POSITIONS

Life positions are J

J
than ego states.
 LIFE POSITIONS

‰ As individuals mature, they

J

—— J
— about
themselves and others.
 LIFE POSITIONS

mour Position Result

1. ´I·m OK, you·re OKµ
2. ´I·m OK, you·re not OKµ
3. ´I·m not OK, you·re OKµ
4. ´I·m not OK, you·re not OKµ
 LIFE POSITIONS
„J   

„


 

Individuals are interdependent wit eac
ot er and t e environment
Happy and Active
Œit a positive outlook on life w o like
reinforcement for being OK but are NOT
dependent on it
T ey use t e appy c ild and nurturing
parent ego states
 LIFE POSITIONS
„J   

„


 



T ey do not believe t ey can rely on anyone
but t emselves
T ey t ink people are wort less and are
likely to be enemies and consequently tend
to blame ot ers
T e critical parent ego state is dominant
Supervises people closely because t ey t ink
t ey cannot be trusted
 LIFE POSITIONS
„J   

„




 

Burdened wit self-defeating attitudes and
a lack of confidence
Take a psyc ologically inferior stand to
ot ers
Less competent
Less influential t an ot ers
 LIFE POSITIONS
„J   

„




 



Maladjusted
Thinks they are worthless and so are others

Lacks confidence in themselves and trust in

others
Suspicious and anxious
Disconnected from others
Miserable and tend to give up
ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

‰ Communication styles are

commonly

—— 
—— 

——.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

Self-denying, inhibited
P SSàE and allows others to
PERSONS choose for them.

RESSàE Self-enhancing at
others· expense
PERSONS
SSERTàE Self-enhancing

PERSONS
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

P SSàE PERSONS
XTend to be at a loss
for words
XDo not say what they  







really mean 




XUse many  






apologetic words 





XThey hope that   

people will 

understand what they
want without telling
them
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

ÕTàE PERSONS
XLoud and uses  




loaded subjective









words 








XMakes accusations



XSends ´youµ
messages that blame

 


 

others



 

XA flippant, sarcastic 

style with an air of 

 
superiority and






rudeness is common



 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

SSERTàE PERSONS
XSay what they want  



in direct statements 






XMake honest 





statements about   



their feelings





XUse objective
words 







XAttentive listener   
 

who give impression 
 





of caring


 
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

A technique

 involving

 repeating what
one wants.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES



I expect you to get to work on time.

 But I·m a night person. I stay up late,
and it·s difficult to get up so early to come to work.
I·m so tired that I shut off my alarm and go back to
sleep. Then when I do get up, I stumble around in
the dark to find my clothes so I won·t wake my
husband.

 You are scheduled to work the day shift
this rotation, and I expect you to be at work on
time. If you are a night person, would you like to be
assigned at the night shift permanently?
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES



No. I wouldn·t be able to see my husband then.
He works 9am to 9pm and he gets home about 9:30pm. I
would have to come to work at 00:30 and I could only see
him for an hour. I would get home just in time for him to go
to work.

 You are scheduled to work the day shift this
rotation, and I expect you to be at work on time. However,
we could assign you to the evening shift permanently.
Would you want that?

Working the evening shift would allow me to see
my husband after work and to sleep in. Yes, I would prefer
the evening shift.

 I will see how quickly we can get your schedule
changed to permanent evenings. I do expect you to be
here by 7am until we get your schedule changed
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES
m

Agreeing with
  the truth.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES
m

 
You scheduled me to double back
from evenings to days twice in a 2-week time
schedule.

I see that I scheduled you to double back
the first Wednesday and the second Friday

    
 
When I double back, I have less than 7
hours for sleep, I get tired, have trouble functioning,
and fear making mistakes.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES
m


 I understand that you get tired when you

double back and fear making mistakes. It seems
logical that one would make more mistakes when
tired than when alert 
  —
 
We need a policy to prevent having
just one shift off between shifts.

I agree. We do need staffing policies that
would provide for adequate rest periods between
shifts 

i

 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

——

Accepting

6
negative aspects
6
 about oneself.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

———

 
 You·re new uniform really reveals how
fat you are.

I·m overweight because I eat too much. I
eat just about everything in sight except the kitchen
sink. I·ve seen the cat get worried 


——
 
Well, that new uniform sure makes you
look like a blimp.

These new styles don·t compliment my
figure worried 

——
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

„ 

Asking for more


6
 information

about oneself.
 ASSERTIVE TECHNIÔUES

„ 

 
 You don·t look good today.

Is it me or what I am wearing?
 
It·s your face. You look so tired.

I don·t feel tired. What about my face
makes me look tired?
 
 Your eyes look so tired. They·re so dark.
There are bags under them.

 What can I do to make them look less
tired?
 
If the problem isn·t fatigue, I guess you
could use a crème cosmetic over the bags and use light
instead of dark-colored eye shadow.
In a social sense,
———— — 

 iJJ i
  —
about who you are, how you live,
what you do, and what you want
and the ability to make them feel
comfortable talking about
themselves.
 ü