Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• encoding of information
• meaning of the transmission
• behavioral effect of information
• VARIABLES THAT
INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION:
• Perception
- the experience of sensing, interpreting
and comprehending the world in which
one lives.
- it is highly personal and internal act
- influences behavior
• Values/Beliefs
General principles
• it is multichanneled
• is relatively spontaneous
• is relatively ambiguous
• may contradict verbal messages
• it is very culture-bound
Definition of Terms :
• Kinetics
- the study of communication through body
language or movement
• Proxemics
- the study of people’s use of interpersonal
space
• Personal space
- is a zone of space surrounding a person
that is felt to ‘belong’ to that person
• Territoriality
- the marking off and defending of certain
areas as their own
• Paralanguage
- refers to how something is said rather
than what is said
Interpersonal Distance Zone:
• Genuineness
- being as one appears, sincere, honest
• Respect
- a relationship in which one considers the
other in high esteem or regard
• Rapport
- interpersonal relationship characterized by a
spirit of cooperation, confidence, and harmony
• Trust
- a risk-taking process whereby a person’s
situation and feeling of well-being depend
on the action of another.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
Confrontation If there are contradiction in the “You said that you love your sister but you refuse to
clients behavior or feeling that reconcile with her”
sending mixed messages to “You say you’re not nervous, yet you are pacing”
others
Presenting The nurse indicates reality when the client is Client: ”I see a man”
reality misinterpreting it Nurse: ”I see no one here but you and me”
Do not argue, client may become defensive
Purpose: To tell client you do not share his
thoughts
Encouraging Having client describe his or her view of an Client: “I hear voices”
description of event Nurse:” what kind of voice?”
perception
Giving The nurse provides facts or information that “You cant take this medication unless you take your
information the client requests meal, this drug can cause hyperacidity”
Reflecting Nurse reflects back to the client the feeling Client: “do you think I should tell the doctor?”
or thought message that the client Nurse: “You think you should?”
expressed to help him/her identify the
emotions and events that trouble him
ALPHABET OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Accepting Opening leads
Broad opening Present reality
Clarifying Questions not answerable by yes
or no
Demonstrate unconditional Reflecting
positive regard
Exploring Sharing of observation
Focusing Trust
General leads Using silence
Here and now behavior Validating
Informing What is said is more important
than why it is said
Jargon, figure of speech eXplore alternatives rather than
avoided answer of solutions
Keep respect You are interested to listen
Listen to what the person is Zest up-show interest
not saying
Master active listening
Never advise
• Non-therapeutic
- communication that is barrier to free
expressions of feelings
- provides a disruption of the treatment
process
11. Disapproval Denouncing the clients actions, thoughts “It is silly to think that people want to hurt you?”
feelings or needs “You’re crazy”
8. Literal response “Dealing with abstract symbols or metaphors “Gee, the weather is beautiful outside.”
in a concrete manner”
NOTES IN THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES