CHILD LABOUR

A DARK SPOT ON SOCEITY

Presented by : Harish kumar

What is child labour ?
 Definition
“UNICEF defines child labour as work that exceeds a
minimum number of hours, depending on the age of a
child and on the type of work. Such work is considered
harmful to the child and should therefore be
eliminated.
􀂃 Ages 5-11: At least one hour of economic work or 28
hours of domestic work per week.
􀂃 Ages 12-14: At least 14 hours of economic work or 28
hours of domestic work per
week.
􀂃 Ages 15-17: At least 43 hours of economic or domestic
work per week.”
TYPES OF CHILD LABOUR :
 UNICEF has classified
child work into three
categories:  

1. Within the Family.

2. Within the Family
but
outside the Home.
3. Outside the Family.
MAJOR SECTOR WHERE CHILDREN
WORK :
 AGRARIAN SECTOR 
1. Migrant Labour  
2. Invisible Labour
3. Bonded Labour

 MANUFACTURING
SECTOR 
1. Migrant Labour 
2. Invisible Labour 
3. Wage Labour 
4. Self employed children

 SERVICE SECTOR
1. Self-employed Labour 
2. Invisible Labour 
3. Wage-based employment 
 The Real scenario :
 More than 25O million children between the ages of 5-17 are
employed as full time labourers around the world .
 64 million child labourers in the age group of 5-14 are in India.
 90 percent of employers of domestic workers in India preferred
children of 12 to 15 years of age.
 In India ,every fourth child in the age group of 5-15 is employed.
 over 20% of the country’s GNP is contributed by child labour .
 India is the largest producer of child labour and illiteracy on this
earth .

A quarter of the world’s total number of child labourers are in India
 10 million bonded child labourers working as house
servants in India.
 It is estimated that about 50,000 children below the age
of 14 work in glass factory in Firozabad.This is one of
the highest concentrations of child labour in the world.
 70.000 children works in match factory in
Sivakasi,Tamilnadu.
 An study estimates that there could be 420,000 child
labourers in India employed in the carpet industry.
 Over 85% of this child labor is in the country's rural
areas .
 INDUSTRY LOCATIONS
Matches,fireworks & explosives Sivakasi
Glass and Bangles Ferozabad

Beedi Making Nizamabad, North Arcot District

Carpet Making Bhadoi, Varanas
Lock-making Aligarh
Brassware Moradabad
Export Oriented Garment Industry Tiruppur
Gem Polishing Export Industry Jaipur, Rajasthan
Slate Mines and Manufacturing Unit Markkapur
Leather Units Agra , Kanpur , Durg, Rajasthan
Diamond Industry Surat
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR :
 Poverty
 Parental illiteracy
 Population
 Tradition of making children learn the family skills.
 Social apathy and tolerance of child labour.
 Ignorance of the parents about the adverse consequences of
child labour.
 Ineffective enforcement of the legal provisions pertaining to
child labour.
 Employers prefer children as they constitute cheap labour
& they are not able to organize themselves.
CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR :
 Stunted growth of future generation
 Adult unemployment
 Depreciation in wages
 Persistence of child labour
 Increased abuse of children
 Increased illiteracy
 Citizens with inferiority complex
 Political instability
 Wasted human resources
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA'S POLICIES
AND ACTIONS :
 THE CHILD LABOUR(Prohibition & Regulation)ACT (1986).
 THE NATIONAL CHILD LABOUR POLICY(1987).
 CONSTITUTION OF CENTRAL ADVISORY BOARD ON
CHILD LABOUR.
 NATIONAL CHILD LABOUR PROJECTS.
 BUDGETARY SUPPORT TO CHILD LABOUR PROGRAM.
 WORKING WITH UNICEF & ILO FOR ELIMINATING CHILD
LABOUR IN INDIA.
LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR PROHIBITION
OF CHILD LABOUR :
 The Factories Act, 1948:  
 The Act prohibits the employment of a child who has not
completed 14 years.
 The Apprentices Act, 1951:
 A person shall not be qualified for being engaged as an
Apprentice  . . . unless he is not 14 years of age.
 Plantation Labour Act, 1951:
 "Child means a person who has not completed his 14th year."  
(There is no prohibition of children. A certificate of fitness is
necessary for employing a child.)
 The Mines Act, 1952:
The Act prohibits the employment of a child below 18 years of
age for work below ground
aaa
The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986:
 The Act prohibits the employment of a child who has not completed
his 14th year of age in any of the occupations set forth in part A of
the schedule or in any workshop wherein any of the processes set
forth in Part B of the Schedule are carried on.
 The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958:  
 The Act prohibits Children less than 14 years of age to be engaged
or carried to sea work in any capacity in any ship, subject to certain
exceptions.
 The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961:
 The Act prohibits the employment of Children less than 16 years of
age in any motor transport undertaking. (Tamilnadu Amendment)  
  The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment)
Act, 1966:
 The Act prohibits the employment of children less than 14 years of
age in any industrial premises manufacturing beedi or cigar.
ROLE OF UNICEF & ILO AGAINST CHILD LABOUR
IN INDIA :
 Promotion of education as both, key
preventive measure & essential
component for the rehabilitation of
released children.
 Addressing poverty related factors
through the promotion of self help groups.
 Social mobilisation for the elimination of
child labour.
d
 Over 120 alternative learning centers
(ALC) have been established through
which 24,000 children have able to go
back school.
 Over 1000 self help groups have been
established & they are playing a crucial
role in reducing child labour.
 UNICEF hopes the world day against child
labour (WDACL) which is on 12 june each
year will work as a catalyst against child
labour.
IPEC ; ILO`S INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM FOR
THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR :

 ILO constitute NGOs to design ,

implement and evaluate programs for
child labour.
 Creation of awareness and social
mobilization for securing elimination of
child labour.
 ILO gave $4.15 million for IPEC programs
in india .
CONCLUSION :
 Present condition is worst.
 Population & illitracy are key factor.
 Social awareness & proper
implimentation of government plans
are needed.
 Hope is alive for a better tommorrow
but for that we also have to wake
up !!!!!!!!
Thank You