INDO-CHINA BORDER ISSUE

PRESENTED BY:
MOONGA SOLANKI(21A)
NEHA GUPTA(22A)
NEHA RAWAT(23A)
NEHA SINGHAL(24A)
NEHA YADAV(25A)
NITIN JOSHI(26A)
NITIN SHARMA(27A)
PANKAJ LODHI(28A)
PANKAJ SHARMA(29A)
PARAMITA GHATAK(30A)
Indo-China Border Dispute
 India and china have been historically
separated by traditional boundaries.

 India share a boundary from J&K in north to

Arunachal Pradesh in the north east.

 These boundaries have never been

demarcated formally.
 Elements of indo-china border
dispute

Line of actual control-

 LAC is effective border between india
and china.
 LAC is 4057km long and traverses three
areas of northern inida
1. Ladakh and kashmir.
2. Uttrakhand and Himachal.
3. Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
The Johnson line-
 Ladakh was annexed into the state
of Jammu in 1834 by sikh.

 Defeat of sikhs in 1846 by British.

W.H Johnson, a civil servant put the
Johnson line in 1865 and this line
put Aksai Chin in Kashmir.
Mac-Macdonald line-
 By 1892, Britain and China were allies.

 Britain concerned Aksai-Chin falling into

Russian hands.

 Britain proposed a revised boundary called

Mac-Cartney MacDonald line.

 Mac-cartney MacDonald line put Aksai-Chin

in Chinese terrritory.
The Mac-Mohan line-
The boundary was officially adopted by
Government of India.

 India China gained a common border in

1826 with British annexation of Assam.

 In 1913-14, representatives of
Britain,China & Tibet attend a conference
in Shimla.
Aksai Chin-
Located in the north western region of
Tibetan plateau.
 Currently administered by china as a part of
Xinjiang autonomous region.

 India claims Aksai Chin as part of Jammu &

Kashmir.

 Johnson line showed it in the British Indian

territory.
 Tawang-
 A small district of Arunachal Pradesh which
border Tibet & Bhutan.

 Currently administered by India.

 Chinese officially stake claim over tawang.

 Tawang falls south of the Mc-Mohan line hence

India doesn’t accept china position.
 Arunachal pradesh-
It is to the south of Mc-Mohan line and
china claims entire territory of arunachal
pradesh as its own.

 China is mainly interested in tawang.

 In the past it was proposed that india drop

its claim for askai-chin in return china will
drop its claim over arunachal pradesh.
1962, Indo-China war
 Fought over boundary dispute between India
& China.

 The Chinese launched simultaneous

offensives in Ladakh and across Mc Mohan
line.

 India was not fully prepared.

 Aksai-chin, Tawang & Arunachal Pradesh
overrun by china.

 On november 19 china declared unilateral

ceasefire.

 China acquired whole of the aksai-chin

and occupies it till date.

 India sees that aksai-chin was illegally

acquired by china.
 Talks to resolve border dispute`
 Twenty five years of talk have not yielded
any result.
 Talks repeatedly fail to achieve
compromise over Aksai-Chin, Tawang and
Mc-Mohan line.
 China says it will move 20 km behind the
line of actual control which existed before
7 november 1959.
Thank you