Chapter 7-1

Cellular Structures and Function

Bio 30 NWRC
STUDY OF:
Blood cell Bone cell

Lung cell Bacteria

cell

Leaf cell

Nerve cell Sperm & Egg

cells (Sex cells)
Cell

Cell Theory

Nucleus

Eukaryote

Prokaryote
People knew nothing about cells until
the discovery of the Microscope.

1665 ~Robert Hooke was the first

person to see cells. He is known for
making up the word “Cell”.

(Cork – plant material)

1683~Anton van Leeuwenhoek – was
the first person to observe tiny living
organisms in pond water.
 Matthias Schleiden – (1838) discovered
that plants are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann – (1839) discovered that
animals are composed of cells
Rudolph Virchow – (1855) stated that all
cells come from other cells
 Janet Plowe – (1931) the cell membrane is a
physical structure, not an interface between two
liquids

Lynn Margulis – (1970) certain

organelles were once free-living cells
themselves
Schleiden,
Schwann,
Virchow

All living things are made up of cells.

Cells are the basic units of all living

things.

All cells are produced from existing cells.

Compound Light Microscope

Uses a
series of
glass
lenses to
magnify
images up
to about
1000X
Electron Light Microscope
Uses
magnets to
beam
electrons at
tissues – is
capable of
much greater
magnificatio
n than light
microscopes
 Click to see magnifications
 Click here!
 the smallest functioning part of an organism.
 vary in size and shape.
 shape is related to function.
 most are microscopic.
 Unicellular = composed of ONE cell
 Multicellular = composed of MANY cells
Key Note:
ALL Cells have:
*a barrier called a Cell membrane

*DNA
 Prokaryotes Click he
re Eukaryotes Click
here

 smallest & simplest cells  have a nucleus

lack a nucleus  have organelles

 lack organelles Have specialized functions.

 no specialized functions. Example:

Example: Bacteria plant & animal cells

 Prokaryotes
 Prokaryotes are the
single-celled organisms,
such as bacteria.. Unlike
Eukoryotes, prokaryotes
do not have a nucleus
that houses its genetic
material. Rather, the
genetic material of a
prokaryote cell consists
of a large DNA molecule
in the cytoplasm
 Prokaryotes
 One differentiating
characteristic is that
prokaryotes are asexual,
meaning their offspring
nearly always bear the exact
characteristics of the parent
cell. (In fact, the cell
essentially replicates itself
according to its own DNA
and then divides itself from
the newly created cell.)
 Eukaryotes
 Eukaryotic cells - Can
be unicellular
(protists such as yeast,
paramecium and
amoebae) or
multicellular (a system
of division of labor such
as fungi, animals, and
plants).
 Eukaryotes
 Eukaryotic DNA is
enclosed by a
membrane making a
well defined nucleus.
 Eukaryotes
 Cell division in eukaryotes
is different from
prokaryotes. There are two
types of division processes.
In mitosis, one cell divides
to produce two genetically-
identical cells. In meiosis,
which is required in sexual
reproduction, one diploid
cell (having two instances of
each chromosome, one from
each parent) undergoes
recombination of each pair
of parental chromosomes.
 (Eukaryotic)

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Click Click
 have cell walls  have only cell
 have chloroplasts membranes

 have a large vacuole  have smaller

vacuoles
 tend to be squared or
rectangular  tend to be round
 Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell wall Chloroplast Lysosome
Vacuole Centriole
Leucoplast

Both Plant & Animal Cells

Smooth & Rough Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Nuclear Envelope Cell Membrane
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Nucleolus Mitochondria
Back…
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Assessment
 1. With more
sophisticated tools
scientists have
been able to learn
more about the cell
and its structures
Assessment
 2. Light
microscopes use
glass lenses and
visible light.
Electron
microscopes use
beams of electrons
and magnets
 Assessment
 3. 1. all known living things are made up of cells.
   2. the cell is structural & functional unit of all
living things.
   3. all cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
            (Spontaneous Generation does not occur).
   4. cells contains hereditary information which is
passed from
cell to cell during cell division.
   5. All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition.
   6. all energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of
life occurs
within cells.    
 Assessment
 4. The plasma
membrane helps control
what goes into and out
the cell
 The organelles carry
cell
 out specialized function
in the cell
 Further Study
 This website has an excellent review of all
these topics