Conversion of Gasoline/diesel to

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Prepared by:
Amparado, Janito Jr.
Malayao, Jan Verson
Usapdin, Lester

Prepared to:
Dr. Efren Valencia
 Introduction
 Air pollution is something that we cannot really ignore now-a-
days. This is evident from the moment we step out of our house
and greeted by black colored smog that hit us directly reminding
us that breathing clean air is more of a distant dream. Air
pollution comes from both natural and man-made sources.
Though globally man made pollutants from combustion,
construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly
significant in the Air pollution.
 China, United States, Russia, Mexico, and Japan are the world
leader in Air pollution emissions. Motor vehicle emissions are
one of the leading causes of Air pollution. One way to minimize
or help reduce the pollutants emit by motor vehicles are the use
of Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG instead of the Diesel or
Gasoline. The LPG is also called as Autogas when it used as a
fuel in Internal Combustion Engines in vehicles.
 The countries that starting using Autogas today are
Australia, Croatia, Lithuania, the European Union, Hong
Kong, India, Turkey, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia,
South Korea, and Philippines. The Autogas is much less cost
than Diesel or Gasoline. The price of the Diesel and
Gasoline today is so expensive because of the problem
rising in the Middle East. While the phase out of leaded
Gasoline has improved air quality , more than 18 million
people still lives in the cities with unhealthy levels of airborne
particulate matter. Estimates shows, there were 4,968
premature deaths each day in Manila due to respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases from exposure to poor air quality.
 In the Philippines, Liquefied Petroleum Gas or also known as
Autogas is now being used by some vehicle owner because the price
of Autogas is almost half the price of Diesel or Gasoline. And also, it
is environment friendly because it has no smoke at all and safer than
Diesel or Gasoline. The Autogas can reduce exhaust emission, longer
engine life and better performance.
Theoretical Framework


The gasoline and diesel fuel is the main source that is responsible for

the large amount of hazardous emissions produced by a vehicle. The

combustion process is the process in which all the burning of gasoline

or diesel fuel takes place. This procedure actually powers vehicles

causing it to move. Also, during this process, pollution takes into effect.

It causes a vehicle to exhaust by-products and evaporate fuel. Diesel

fuel and gasoline are composed of mixtures of compounds of carbon

and hydrogen known as hydrocarbons.

 Statement of the Problem

Major Problem


Air pollution and its effect take a toll on the whole country, but

especially in areas that are hot and humid. It can damage crops

and forest and affect human health and scenic visibility.

 Sub-problem

 This study define the advantages and good benefits of the Liquefied
Petroleum Gas or Autogas to the environment and the people who use
it. Enumerate and classify the chemicals that emit by Diesel and
gasoline fuels that cause Global Warming. Conversion of Diesel and
Gasoline fuels to LPG or Autogas to eliminate or reduce the Air
pollution that causes Global Warming.
 Significance of the Study


This study will promote the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas or
Autogas instead of using Diesel and Gasoline Engine. This will help
reduce the usage of Diesel and Gasoline engine that has bad effects
to the environment and human health. It will also help them to know
the advantages and good benefits of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas. It
will help them know the conversion of Diesel and Gasoline engine to
Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Autogas.
 Scope and Limitation of the Study


This study is all about the causes and effects of using diesel engine
and gasoline engine. It discusses also the advantages and good
benefits of using Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Autogas. It tackles the
conversion of diesel and gasoline engine to Liquefied Petroleum Gas
or Autogas. It also mentions here the comparison of the gasoline and
diesel to LPG or autogas. It also says here about the problem in air
pollution, on how we can prevent, eliminate or reducing the causes
and effect by converting diesel and gasoline to Autogas.
 Definition of terms

Diesel - in general is any liquid  used in .

Gasoline - is a -derived  mixture which is primarily used as a  in .
LPG - Autogas is the common name for  (LPG) when it is used as a  in
internal in .
Air pollution - is the introduction of , , or  that cause harm or discomfort
to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the
natural or , into the .
Global Warming - is the increase in the  of 's near-surface air and
oceans.
Picture of an autogas
 Chapter 2:

Review of Related Literature and Studies

 Introduction

 Autogas is the common name for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) when
it is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles as well as
in stationary applications such as generators. It is a mixture of propane
and butane.
 Autogas is widely used as a "green" fuel as it decreases exhaust
emissions. In particular, it reduces CO2 emissions by around 20%
compared to petrol. One litre of petrol produces 2.3 kg of CO2 when
burnt, whereas the equivalent amount of autogas produces only 1.5 kg
of CO2 when burnt.[1] It has an octane rating (MON/RON) that is
between 90 and 110 and an energy content (higher heating value—
HHV) that is between 25.5 megajoules per litre (for pure propane) and
28.7 megajoules per litre (for pure butane) depending upon the actual
fuel composition.
 Related Foreign Literature

Ratgeber Autogas by Wolfgang Schüler

Great Britain: Autogas/Refuelling Stations
Plus Approved Autogas Installers 2011
2008 Cyber Guide to Natural Gas Vehicles, NGVs,
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG), Autogas, Engines, Infrastructure
This unique electronic book compilation on CD-ROM has a collection of
the best federal documents and resources on natural gas vehicles
(NGVs), powered by compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural
gas (LNG), and autogas. There is information on vehicle designs,
infrastructure, engines, research into hydrogen-natural gas blends
(HCNG), and much more. Natural gas vehicles can reduce petroleum
consumption and provide a transition to the hydrogen economy.
Gaseous fuel vehicles can also reduce emissions of regulated
pollutants compared with conventional vehicles fueled with gasoline
and diesel.
 Related Local Literatures

Currently, there are no filipino literature written and published

about autogas because this is a new technology and not yet widely
implemented in the Philippines.
 Related Foreign Studies

General Motors Holden is to build the popular Cruze medium sized sedan
in Australia next year and expects to offer an LPG version.
This will complement the LPG Holden Commodore and an LPG HSV
currently under testing.
Overseas, GM is launching an LPG version of the Cruze, starting in Italy
before Christmas.
This is part of GM’s strategy in Europe to offer Autogas versions for its
entire product line-up. The company says it has been very successful
with LPG in Italy - two thirds of the cars they sold there in 2008 were
LPG-capable.
Later this year the new Fiat Punto will come with an LPG option and
Volkswagen’s new LPG Golf MK-VI has hit European showrooms.

There are more than 10 million LPG Autogas powered vehicles on the
road in Europe - including 2.6 million in Poland - and more than
20,000 LPG fuel stations. In Germany alone there are more than 4,700
filling stations. Australia has 3,200.
LPG vehicles using the latest technology deliver a CO2 reduction of
approximately 10 per cent compared to petrol. In the medium term, it
is extremely difficult for any other vehicle fuel alternative to match
these emissions savings on existing vehicles.

In 2008, more than 125,000 vehicles were fitted with LPG in Australia,
resulting in an estimated 104,000 fewer tonnes of CO2 being released
into the atmosphere. The total fleet is about 700,000 vehicles and
Autogas consumption is the third highest in the world per capita.
Volkswagen's LPG Golf MK-VI (left) and General
Motors Holden (right)
 Related Local Studies

1.) THE DEPARTMENT of Energy (DoE) is working on a policy

framework to expand the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), used
chiefly for cooking, as a transport fuel, a department official said.
Coming off consultations with industry stakeholders in Cebu City early
last month, Director Teresita Borra of the Bureau of Energy
Utilization and Management said in an internal memo that one of the
items raised at an open forum was a "need to establish a policy
framework and identify the specific government agency that will
regulate the different components of the autogas program
implementation."
These components include registration categories of autogas vehicles as
well as safety regulation and certification of vehicle conversion.
Industry stakeholders also raised the need for capacity building,
particularly involving government agencies and local government units
on the use of LPG as a transport fuel, autogas technology and the
various components of the autogas program.
A study of the economic benefits and safety of using autogas for private
trucks and vehicles in Cebu City was also suggested.
Energy Undersecretary Peter Anthony Abaya said in an interview that it
took around P50,000 to turn a regular taxicab into an autogas-fed cab.
Interested operators can avail themselves of financing from the state-
owned Development Bank of the Philippines, he said.
Autogas cabs have started to become quite popular in Cebu City. During
DoE consultations there, three taxicab terminals were inspected, all of
which had a total of 290 autogas-fed cabs.
Emerson Taxi had 47 autogas taxicabs in operation and a Pilipinas Shell
Petroleum Corp. dispensing station that had a 2,000 US gallons water
capacity LPG tank. Jays Express Taxi had 43 autogas taxis and a Shell
dispensing station of the same capacity. RP Corominas Taxi and
Corominas Taxi had a combined 200 autogas cabs and Shell and
Petron Corp. dispensing stations.
Shell requires a minimum of 40 taxis for the installation of a dispensing
pump in the taxi terminal or garage.
According to the DoE's update Philippine Energy Plan, an autogas standard
for road vehicles, cylinders and dispensing stations would be developed
within the year, in cooperation with the Department of Trade and
Industry.
Borra recommended that, in drafting the policy framework, the economic
differences of taxi operations in various cities be considered, saying that
boundary levels, fuel costs and operating hours differed from one city to
another.
To be able to include these factors in the policy framework, the DoE will
be going around the country to gather inputs from industry stakeholders,
particularly in key cities nationwide.
After the Cebu consultation held last July 7, schedules have been set for
similar consultations in Metro Manila, Baguio City, Davao City,
Cagayan de Oro City and Iloilo City.
In Metro Manila, 108 autogas taxis are now plying the streets and two
Petron dispensing pumps are available to provide them with fuel.
Shell is conducting a pilot project with a taxi operator in Cagayan de Oro
City on autogas taxi operations.
Baguio City and Davao City have been identified as two of the pilot
"Clean Cities'' under the US Agency for International Development's
Clean Cities Program, which promotes the use of alternative transport
fuels. Iloilo City is a Clean Cities candidate.
2.) Pursuing its mission to strategically build more refilling and
conversion stations in the Philippines, Manila AutoGas has finally
opened its first stand-alone location along C5 Avenue.
Essentially, since the business vision is to be the top-of-mind choice of
LPG amongst private and public transport users, this venture is surely
a necessary step for the company’s growth and advancement.
Aside from offering the given basics of an LPG station, a core value that
Manila AutoGas espouses as a company is excellent service.
The C5 branch will also be the corporate headquarters of Manila
AutoGas, housing its marketing and operations divisions.

Partnerships with local conversion businesses such as Green Autogas and

petroleum giants like Shell are being viewed as potentially value-
adding service components to the consumers and henceforth, are on
the process of being developed.
It seems that all roads taken by CEO Jerome Gutierrez and COO Antonio
Moran are truly leading towards capturing a significant portion of this
sunrise industry’s share.

Propelled by their commitment and passion to faithfully serve their loyal

customers with an unwavering standard of excellence in their products
and services
CEO Jerome Gutierrez (left) and COO Antonio
Moran (middle in blue) Demonstrating the LPG
pumps to partners
 Similarities & Differences of the Related Studies to
the Present Study

The similarities of the related studies to the present study is it talks about
the help it can give to the environment as less-pollution fuel. It also
talks that the Department of Energy in local and foreign countries are
pushing the use of autogas. The difference is that it's now widespread
in Europe and Australia while here, there are only few autogas station
and who have autogas cars.
 Chapter 3: Research
Design/Research/Methodology/Methods &
Procedures