TETP

UNIT 1 -EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1.
 A passenger car weighing 2 tonnes (2000 kg) is required to accelerate at a rate of 3
m/sec2 in the first gear from a speed of 10 kmph to 20 Kmph . The gradient is + 1
percent and the road has black topped surface. The frontal projection area of the
car is 2.15 m2 . Calculate the engine horse power needed.

 Tractive force = Pp = Pf +Pa+ Pi + Pj

 Avg Vehicle speed = (10+20 )/2 = 15 Km/h = 15 / 3.6 = 4.17 m/s
 Pf = m f g
= 2000 x 0.02 x 9.8 ( let f = 0.02)
= 392 N
Pa = Ca A V^2 = 0.39 x 2.15 x (4.17)^2
= 14.58 N

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EXAMPLE 1.
 Pi = mgi/ 100
 = 2000 x 9.8 x 1 /100 = 196 N
 Pj = m x a = 2000 x 3 = 6000 N
 Pp = 392 + 14.58 + 196 + 6000 = 6602.58 N
 Power output :
 Power = Pp x V
 (assume avg vehicle speed)

 Power = 6602.58 x 4.17 = 27512.4 W = 27532.7/ 746 = 36.88 Hp

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EXAMPLE 2.
 A car was travelling at 40 kmph on a road with an f of 0.25. If brakes are
applied to halt the vehicle, what is the braking distance ?
 V = 40 km/h
 f = 0.25
 Braking distance = V^2 / 254f = 1600 / 254 x 0.25 = 25.5 m

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SKID RESISTANCE AND BRAKING EFFICIENCY

 The skid resistance developed on the application of brakes is given by the

relationships:
i) f = a/ g
 Where a is the deceleration
ii ) f = v2 / 2g L
 Where L is the braking distance and v is the initial speed of the vehicle.
 If f’ is the skid resistance developed and f is skid resistance of the pavement
then, braking efficiency is given by:
η = (f’/f) x 100

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EXAMPLE 3.
 A vehicle moving at 45 kmph was stopped by application of brakes. Length of
the skid mark was 13.5 m. If the average skid resistance of the pavement is 0.7,
what is the brake efficiency of the vehicle ?

 V = 45 km/ h = 45/ 3.6 = 12.5 m/s , L = 13.5 m

 f’ = v2 / 2g L
 = 12.5 ^2 / 2 x 9.8 x 13.5 = 0.59

 Braking efficiency η = (f’/f) x 100 = (0.59 /0.7)x 100 = 84.3 %

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EXAMPLE 4.
 A vehicle travelling at 40 km/h was stopped within 1.8 seconds after applying
brakes. What is the average skid resistance ?
 u = 40 km/h =40/3.6 = 11.11 m/s
 T = 1.8 s
 V = u + at
 0 = 11.11 + a1.8
 a = 11.11/1.8 = -6.17 m/s^2

F=ma,F=Wf=Mgf
Ma = M g f
f = a/g = 6.17 / 9.8 = 0.63

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END