HABITAT OF OIL

Sandstone reservoirs of
Oligocene-Lower Miocene age.

Limestone reservoir of Middle

Eocene to Oligocene

Miocene limestone reservoirs

 SOURCE ROCK
• Surat Depression:
• Shallow protected shelf facies consisting of
organic rich shales (Panna Formation-
Paleocene to early eocene & Belapur
Formation- Middle Eocene)
• organic carbon :3-11%
• kerogene type : mixed Type II and Type III.
• Expected oil window : around 3000 m.
 Shelf Margin:

• Several layers of shale/claystone in a few wells

are reported to have requisite TOC and have
reached the oil window (Panna Formation &
Belapur Formation)

• oil window : 2900m-3850m.

 Central and Vijaydurg grabens:

• The finer clastics entering into Surat Depression

through Narmada /Tapti systems have been getting
partially dispersed southward and entering these two
prominent lows that appear to be an arm of the
Depression extending to the south.

• Syn depositional sinking of these two lows

accommodating the huge clastic influx from north is
evident from the seismic data.
 RESERVOIR ROCKS
Mumbai offshore basin has been blessed with
both clastic and carbonate reservoirs facies in
almost total Tertiary Section ranging from
Paleocene to Middle Miocene. 
 AGE LOCATION
Middle Miocene Carbonate sections at Ratnagiri,
Mumbai High and Diu .

Lower Miocene thick pile of carbonates hosting huge

quantity of oil and gas over Mumbai
High (Bombay, Ratnagiri).

Oligo– Early Miocene Sands in the central and mid-eastern

part of Surat depression , Carbonates
adjoining Mumbai High( Panvel
formation).

Eocene and Early Oligocene E.Oligocene clastics of Surat

depression,Deposition of thicker
carbonate facies over the horst blocks
in Panna- Basein-Heera and Ratnagiri
blocks.

Paleocene Coarser clastic facies developed

within the upper
Lithologic and temporal distribution of reservoir rocks in Mumbai high area.
 CAP ROCKS:

• principal cap rocks: post-Middle Miocene

shales.
• The Upper Oligocene shales provide the cap
rock for virtually all the fields having oil and
gas accumulations in Bassein Limestone.
• Secondary shale cap rocks are of local
importance.
• Carbonates also act as seals in numerous
cases. The sealing nature of tight limestone
layers within Bassein Limestone reservoir is an
example
 TRAPS
• The majority of traps in the carbonate platform
areas are anticlinal reversals and fault closures .
• The structures with anticlinal reversals are
mostly developed by the drape of sediments
over paleohighs or tilted fault block.
• Trend: ENE-WSW in offshore extension of
Narbada-Tapti block of Cambay basin and in
Surat depression, while the remaining
structures to its south trend nearly N-S to NNW-
SSE.
Trap type distribution in Mumbai High area
 Petroleum Plays

• Paleogene Synrift clastics(Paleocene-Lr. Eocene, Panna Fm)

• Eocene Carbonate Platform (Bassein formation)
• Lr.Oligocene Carbonate plays (Mukta and Heera
formations)
• Oligocene-Lr. Miocene deltaic Play (Mahuva &Daman
formations)
• Up. Oligocene carbonates ( Panvel and Ratna formations)
• Lr. Miocene carbonate (L-III and L-IV reservoirs, Bombay /
Ratnagiri formation)
• Lr-Mid. Miocene clastics(S1 sands),
• Mid. Miocene carbonate (L-I and L-II reservoirs, Bandra
Formation)
 EXPLORATION EFFORTS
• The exploration commenced in Mumbai offshore with
reconnaissance survey during 1960-61.Since then over
2D seimic survey: over 3,50,000 LKM

3D seismic survey 1,60,000 LKM

geochemical surveys 41,470 LKM

Prospects identified: 250

wells drilled: 2031 (725 exploratory, on over 220

structures, discovering oil in 43, gas in 32 and
indications of oil and gas in 32 structures)
initial inplace hydrocarbon reserves: 3,520 MMT

Recoverable 1,000 MMT

 PRODUCTION HISTORY
Discovered wells: 196
Offshore fields 99

Onshore fields 95

presently producing fields 70

Enhanced recovery fields 13

Cumulative oil production exceeding 2 billion barrels of oil.

Cumulative oil production 3 trillion cubic feet of gas.

 Reserves left 1659 MMT

 Yearly production 12 MMT

• Oil and gas accumulations are present in three
different groups
• Sandstone reservoirs of Oligocene-Lower
Miocene age.
• Miocene limestone reservoirs
• Limestone reservoir of Middle Eocene to
Oligocene