TERRORISM AS AN ACT OF

WAR
BY- SADHIKA, ARNAV AND ARYAMAN
 WHAT IS TERRORISM?

• TERRORISM IS DEFINED BROADLY AS THE UNLAWFUL USE OF INTENTIONAL

VIOLENCE TO ACHIEVE POLITICAL GOALS, PARTICULARLY AGAINST CIVILIANS.
IT IS PRIMARILY USED IN THIS CONTEXT TO REFER TO VIOLENCE IN TIMES OF
PEACE OR IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR AGAINST NON-COMBATANTS (MOSTLY
CIVILIANS AND NEUTRAL MILITARY PERSONNEL).
• TERRORISM IS GENERALLY PERFORMED IN MASSES AND ITS PRIME OBJECTIVE IS
TO INFLICT TERROR.
 TYPES OF TERRORISM

• CIVIL DISORDER – A TYPE OF COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE THAT DISRUPTS THE

COMMUNITY'S PEACE, SECURITY, AND NORMAL FUNCTIONING.
• POLITICAL TERRORISM – VIOLENT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AIMED PRIMARILY AT
INSTILLING FEAR IN A COMMUNITY OR A SIGNIFICANT SEGMENT OF IT FOR
POLITICAL PURPOSES.
• TERRORISM THAT IS NOT AIMED AT POLITICAL GOALS BUT HAS A "CONSCIOUS
DESIGN TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN A HIGH LEVEL OF FEAR FOR COERCIVE
PURPOSES, BUT THE END GOAL IS INDIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE GAIN RATHER
THAN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A POLITICAL GOAL."
 TYPES OF TERRORISM
• TERRORISM PERPETRATED ANONYMOUSLY – PRIOR TO 2016-19, "FEWER THAN HALF" OF
ALL TERRORIST ATTACKS WERE EITHER "CLAIMED BY THEIR PERPETRATORS OR
CONVINCINGLY ATTRIBUTED BY GOVERNMENTS TO SPECIFIC TERRORIST GROUPS." A
NUMBER OF THEORIES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS TO WHY THIS OCCURRED.
• TERRORISM PERPETRATED ANONYMOUSLY – PRIOR TO 2016-19, "FEWER THAN HALF" OF
ALL TERRORIST ATTACKS WERE EITHER "CLAIMED BY THEIR PERPETRATORS OR
CONVINCINGLY ATTRIBUTED BY GOVERNMENTS TO SPECIFIC TERRORIST GROUPS." A
NUMBER OF THEORIES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS TO WHY THIS OCCURRED.
• TERRORISM PERPETRATED ANONYMOUSLY – PRIOR TO 2016-19, "FEWER THAN HALF" OF
ALL TERRORIST ATTACKS WERE EITHER "CLAIMED BY THEIR PERPETRATORS OR
CONVINCINGLY ATTRIBUTED BY GOVERNMENTS TO SPECIFIC TERRORIST GROUPS." A
NUMBER OF THEORIES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS TO WHY THIS OCCURRED.
 WHAT IS WAR?

• WAR IS DEFINED AS A FIERCE ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN STATES,

GOVERNMENTS, SOCIETIES, OR PARAMILITARY GROUPS SUCH AS MERCENARIES,
INSURGENTS, AND MILITIAS. IT IS CHARACTERISED BY EXTREME VIOLENCE,
AGGRESSION, DESTRUCTION, AND MORTALITY, AND IT EMPLOYS EITHER
REGULAR OR IRREGULAR MILITARY FORCES. WARFARE REFERS TO THE COMMON
ACTIVITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF WAR, AS WELL AS
WARS IN GENERAL.
 TERRORISM AS AN ACT OF WAR

• TERRORISM IS THE INFLICTION OF PAIN AND SUFFERING ON PEACEFUL PEOPLE

WHICH IN ITSELF SEEMS LIKE AN ACT OF WAR. WAR IS CATEGORIZED AS A
CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO ENTITIES. IN THE ACT OF TERRORISM, THE CONFLICT
IS ONLY ONE SIDED WHILE THE OTHER SIDE REMAINS DEFENSELESS.
• ALTHOUGH, BOTH HAVE INTENSE VIOLENCE AND WEAPONRY, TERRORISM IS
GENERALLY DONE BY AN ORGANIZATION TO INFLICT HARM TO GOVERNMENTS
WHILE WAR IS WAGED BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES OR ENTITIES THAT FIGHT
AMONG EACH OTHER. AND CAUSE DISTRESS TO PLACES AND PEOPLE AROUND
THEM.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TERRORISM AND WAR

• WHILE WAR REMAINS A ONE TIME EVENT THAT MAY

OCCUR AGAIN, TERRORISM IS A CONCEPT THAT LAST FOR
A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS THE CONTINUOUS
THREATENING OF LIFE UNTIL THE TERRORIST
ORGANIZATION IS DISSOLVED.
• WAR IS A MERE CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO PARTIES WHILE
TERRORISM IS A RELIGION PREACHED BY PEOPLE AND
THE SHUNNED IN THE SOCIETY ARE ELIMINATED.
THANK YOU!