CFD

CFD
Computational
Computational
Fluid
Fluid Dynamics
Dynamics
(with
(with heat
heat and
and mass
mass
transfer)
transfer)

MECH3950
 Methods
Methods ofof
prediction
prediction
 Experimental investigation:
 full scale
 expensive and often impossible
 measurement errors
 on a small scale model
 simplified
 difficult to extrapolate results
 measurement errors
 Theoretical calculation:
 analytical solutions
 exist only for a few cases
 sometimes complex
 numerical solutions
 for almost any problem
 Modeling
Modeling vs.
vs.
experimentation
experimentation
 Advantages of modeling:
 cheaper
 more complete information
 can handle any degree of
complexity as long as…

 Disadvantages of modeling:
 deals with a mathematical
description not with reality
 mathematical description can
be inadequate
 multiple solutions can exist

… and the winner is…

 Mathematical
Mathematical description
description
of
of transfer
transfer processes
processes
Conservation principle leads to
a general differential equation:
 Nature
Nature of
of
coordinates
coordinates

 with respect to xj :
1D, 2D, 3D
 with respect to t :
 steady
 unsteady
(transient, time dependent)

 one-way coordinates =>

parabolic problem
 two-way coordinates =>
elliptic problem
 Discretization
Discretization
methods
methods
 analytical solution gives a
function (continuous)
 numerical solution gives a
set of numbers (discrete)

x
Example:
Example: steady
steady
1D
1D heat
heat conduction
conduction

x
Integration
Integration

x)w x)e

w e x
W P E

x
 Discretization
Discretization

T TE
Tp

Tw

w e
x
W P E
Discretization
Discretization
equation
equation

conductances

heat generation
 Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

1. Given boundary temperature

simple

2. Given boundary heat flux

a) as a constant
b) specified via a
heat transfer coefficient and
the temperature of the
surrounding fluid
 Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

B i
I W P E

x)i

S
qB i qi
B I

x
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

x)i

S
qB i qi
B I

x
 Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions
 if qB specified as a constant
then:
 Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions
 if qB specified via a
heat transfer h coefficient
and the temperature of the
surrounding fluid Tf :
 Solution
Solution of
of the
the linear
linear
algebraic
algebraic equations
equations
 Possibilities
 Iteration
 Gaussian elimination
 Tri-Diagonal-Matrix-Algorithm
TDMA

W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N

change of notation
 TDMA
TDMA

W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N

what happens when

a boundary temperature is given ?
 TDMA
TDMA
W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N
 TDMA
TDMA
W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N
 TDMA
TDMA algorithm
algorithm
 Calculate:
P1=b1/a1 and Q1=d1/a1

 Use recurrence relations to get

Pi and Qi for i=2,3…N.

 Set TN =QN

 Use recurrence relations to get

Ti =Pi Ti+1 +Qi for i=N-1, N-2…3, 2, 1
to obtain
TN-1, TN-2, …T3, T2, T1.