Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DR G K KALKOTI
DR G K KALKOTI 1
MEANING
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MEANING
RD should contain answers to the following
questions
What the study is about?
Why the study is undertaken?
What are the types of data required?
Where the data can be found?
What techniques should be adopted to
analyse the data?
Where (Geographical and subject matter)
the study should be undertaken?
DR G K KALKOTI 3
DEFINITIONS
“It specifies the objectives of the study; the
methodologies and techniques to be adopted for
achieving the objectives.” - Philips Bernard
DR G K KALKOTI 4
DEFINITIONS
Research design involves two things:
A strategy for data collection
A coordinated strategy for data analysis and
interpretation designed to answer research questions
DR G K KALKOTI 5
NEED AND IMPORTANCE
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NEED AND IMPORTANCE
5.Monitoring expenses
6.Provides direction to field
staff
7.Selection of methods and
techniques
8.Achievement of research
objectives
DR G K KALKOTI 7
ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD RD
DR G K KALKOTI 8
ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD RD
6.Pilot study
7.Cost effective
8.Easy to implement
9.Training to the field staff
10.Selection of right
techniques and methods
DR G K KALKOTI 9
TYPES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
Exploratory
Descriptive
Causal
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TYPES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
Exploratory Research
Exploratory research is unstructured, informal research
undertaken to gain background information about the
general nature of the research problem.
Purpose of exploratory research:
A. Formulating a problem for more precise investigation and
for developing hypotheses
B. Gathering information about the practical problems of
carrying out researches on particular statements
C. Increasing the analyst’s familiarity with the problem
D. Literature search
DR G K KALKOTI 11
TYPES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive Research
Descriptive research provides answers to the questions of:
Who, What, Where, When, How
Purpose of descriptive research :
A. Describe the characteristics of certain groups / samples /
populations.
B. Estimate proportions in specified populations.
C. Descriptive research often follows exploratory research to
describe the particularities of the properties identified during in
the exploratory step.
D. Data collection often done through structured interviews or
questionnaires
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TYPES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
Causal Research
Causality may be thought of as understanding a
phenomenon in terms of conditional statements of the
form “If x, then y.”
Four conditions before we can attest causality:
A Co-variation : It must be demonstrated that the causal
variable occurs with the caused variable and that the two
variables have an orderly relationship (for example, as
price goes down, sales go up).
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TYPES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT
RESEARCH DESIGN
Design type depends on research question:
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STEPS IN RD
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STEPS IN RD
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