LOCATION

IMPORTANCE
 CONNECTIVITY
 Indian ocean with Pacific Ocean

 Indian Ocean with Atlantic Ocean

 Indian Ocean with Mediterranean Sea

TRADE
 70 percent of world trade from West to East and
East to West.

 More than 80% of World’s oil trade.

 83 % of Chinese oil exports pass from this India

Ocean
Conflict in Indian Ocean
 Regional Conflicts:
India Pakistan
Civil War in Yemen
Issue of Pirates
Iran-Saudi Rivalry
 Global Conflict :
US and China
Indian Policy in Indian Ocean
 OBJECTIVES:
Hegemony: Why ?
○ To counter China (String of Pearls)
○ Natural Claim (India’s Ocean)

 STEPS:
Constructing 4 ports
Building Alliances
○ Quad (2007):
It was conceived after the 2004 Tsunami relief efforts,
consummated in 2007, collapsed quickly thereafter,
and then following a decade of advocacy, track-two
fora, and scholarship, revived in 2017 with Australia re-
joining it to counter growing Chinese Influence in the
region.
○ LEMOA (2016):
Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement. A
bilateral military logistic agreement between US and
India.
 COMCASA (2018): Communication compatibility
and Security Agreement. A bilateral military
intelligence agreement between US and India.
Under this: 1. US and India shall share military
intelligence, 2. US allowed India to purchase
Intelligence gathering technologies from US

 BECA (Proposed): Basic Exchange and

Cooperation Agreement. A proposed military-
space cooperation
 Strengthening Navy
 1st Aircraft Carrier from UK in 1960s
 2nd from Russia in 1990s
 3rd indigenous in 2007
 Currently manufacturing 3 more
 Negotiating with US to purchase one more
 US sold India Unarmed and Armed Drones in 2017 and
2019 respectively. These drones specialize in maritime
operations.
 US sold India ATAC Helicopters in 2019. They are
multirole: Rescue, Transportation and Anti-ship and Anti-
submarine Missile systems
 Nuclear Capability
India tested SLBM in April 2016
India Posses Nuclear Triad and Second Strike
Capability from Sea
India possesses Nuclear armed and Nuclear
Powered Submarine named as Arihant
India is currently manufacturing four more such
submarines
India signed agreement with Russia to acquire
Nuclear submarine on lease for 30 year in 2019
PAKISTAN’S RESPONSE
(Defensive)
 Gawadar Port as alternative to Karachi port with
Chinese help
 Strengthening Navy
2 Naval Warships from China (2018)
Agreement to purchase 8 submarines from
China in 2017 with transfer of Technology
Negotiating to purchase first ever Aircraft Carrier
from China
Agreement to purchase 4 submarines from
Turkey in 2017
 Nuclear Capability: Pakistan tested SLBM in
January 2017
KEY PLACES IN INDIAN
OCEAN