INTERNET

COMMUNICATIONS
BY-
ANURAG
KOMAL
NITIN
 AGENDA
 INTERNET FEATURES
 INTERNET CONNECTION PROBLEMS
 INTERNET COMMERCE
 INTRANET COMMUNICATION
 EXTRANET COMMUNICATION
 OFFICE COMMUNICATION
 PAPERLESS OFFICE
 What Is the Internet?
 A network of networks, joining many
government, university and private
computers together and providing an
infrastructure for the use of E-mail,
bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext
documents, databases and other
computational resources
 The vast collection of computer networks
which form and act as a single huge
network for transport of data and
messages across distances which can be
anywhere from the same office to
anywhere in the world.

Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA




 Brief History of the
Internet
 1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek &
Newman) to create ARPAnet
 1970 - First five nodes:
 UCLA
 Stanford
 UC Santa Barbara
 U of Utah, and
 BBN
 1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf
 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its
1000 hosts converts en masse to using
TCP/IP for its messaging
 The Creation of the Internet

 The creation of the Internet

solved the following
challenges:
 Basically inventing digital
networking as we know
it
 Survivability of an
infrastructure to send /
receive high-speed
electronic messages
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA
 Internet Infrastructure

Backbone Network Regional

Network
Regional
Network

IXP
local ISP IXP
Backbone Network

Regional IXP Regional

local ISP Network
Network

corporate campus
local ISP
network network

7
 Internet Infrastructure
 The infrastructure of the Internet consists of
a federation of connected networks that
are each independently managed
(“autonomous system”)
 Note: Each “autonomous system may consist of
multiple IP networks
 Autonomous systems have a number (AS
number)

 Hierarchy of network service providers
(NSPs)
 Tier-1: nation or worldwide network (US: less
than 20)
 Tier-2: regional networks (in US: less than 100)
 Tier-3: local Internet service provider (in US: 8
 Internet Infrastructure
 Location where a network (ISP, corporate
network, or regional network) gets
access to the Internet is called a Point-
of-Presence (POP).
 Locations (Tier-1 or Tier-2) networks are
connected for the purpose of
exchanging traffic are called peering
points.
 Public peering: Traffic is swapped in a
specific location, called Internet exchange
points (IXPs)
 Private peering: Two networks establish a
direct link to each other.
9
Applications of the Internet
 Traditional core applications:
Email
News
Remote Login
File Transfer
 The killer application:
World-Wide Web (WWW)
 New applications:
Videoconferencing
Telephony
P2P applications
Internet Broadcast

10
Growth of the Internet

1000000000
Number of Hosts on the Internet

100000000

10000000

1000000

100000

10000

1000

100
Aug-81

Aug-83

Aug-85

Aug-87

Aug-89

Aug-91

Aug-93

Aug-95

Aug-97

Aug-99

Aug-01
Source: Internet Software Consortium

11
Major Features of the Internet
•The World W id e Web
•E-Mail

•News
•
•Telnet
•
•File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
•
•Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
•
Major Features of the Internet -
The World Wide Web
•The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet,
which supports hypertext documents,
allowing users to view and navigate different
types of data.
•
•A Web page is a document encoded with
hypertext markup language (HTML) tags.
•
•HTML allows designers to link content
together via hyperlinks.
•
•Every Web page has an address, a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL).
E-Mail
•Electronic mail (e-mail) is the most popular
reason people use the Internet.
•
•To create, send, and receive e-mail messages, you
need an e-mail program and an account on an
Internet mail server with a domain name.
•
•To use e-mail, a user must have an e-mail
address, which you create by adding your user
name to the
e-mail server's domain name, as in
jsmith@aol.com.
•
•
News
•One Internet-based service, called news,
includes tens of thousands of newsgroups.
•
•Each newsgroup hosts discussions on a specific
topic. A newsgroup's name indicates its users'
special topic of interest, such as
alt.food.cake.
•
•To participate in a newsgroup, you need a
newsreader program that lets you read
articles that have been posted on a news
server. You can post articles for others to
read and respond to.
•
 Internet connection
problems
 Hardware problems


 Software problems


 Configuration problems


 Network problems


 Server problems
Internet connection problem
cont….
 The tremendous increase in internet use
has led to two major problems.
 It has led to difficulty connecting to
internet service providers.
 The more sophisticated features of the
internet have led to huge increases in
size of the web pages sent over the
channels to internet users.
How Do We Define e-Commerce?

Technology-mediated exchanges
between parties as well as
electronically-based intra- or inter-
organizational activities that facilitate
such exchanges
 Business originating from…

Business Consumers
And Selling to…
Business

B2B C2B
Consumers

B2C P2P
 Distinct Categories of e-
Commerce
•Business to Business (B2B) refers to the full spectrum of
e-commerce that can occur between two organizations.
This includes purchasing and procurement, supplier
management, inventory management, channel
management, sales activities, payment management
&service and support.
Examples: FreeMarkets, Dell and General Electric.

Business to Consumer (B2C) refers to exchanges

between business and consumers, like the ones
managed by Amazon Yahoo and Charles Schwab & Co.
The activities tracked are consumer search, frequently
asked questions and service and support.

•
Distinct Categories of e-Commerce
(cont’d)
•Peer to Peer (C2C) exchanges involve transactions
between and among consumers. These can
include third party involvement, as in the case of
the auction website Ebay.
Examples: Owners.com, Craiglist, Monster
•
•Consumer to Business (C2B) involves when
consumers band together to present themselves
as a buyer in group.
Example: www.speakout.com
•
 Intranet communication
 An intranet is a private computer network
that uses Internet Protocol technologies to
securely share any part of an
organization's information or
network operating system within that
organization.
 The term is used in contrast to internet, a
network between organizations, and
instead refers to a network within an
organization.
 Sometimes the term refers only to the
organization's internal website, but may
be a more extensive part of the
organization's information technology
 Benefits
 Workforce productivity
 Time
 Communication: Intranets can serve as
powerful tools for communication within
an organization, vertically and horizontally.
 Business operations and management:
Intranets are also being used as a
platform for developing and deploying
applications to support business
operations and decisions across the
internetworked enterprise.
 Cost-effective
 Extranet communication

 A typical extranet is an intranet that

allows the organization to connect to a
wider group, such as an organization’s
customers and suppliers.
 The most commonly known extranet is
Federal Express Corporation’s Web
Based package tracking system.
 Extranet may be designed for current
donors and contain a newsletter, list of
current donors, information about
discounts available at stores etc.
 Features of extranet
 CAN be categorized as a CAN, MAN, WAN,
or other type of network.


 providing a secure mode of

communication with a select group of
users.


 facilitating the business process through

supplying customers, clients and
partners an easily accessed
communication interface.

A p a p e rle s s o ffic e is a
wo rk e n viro n m e n t a t
wh ic h t h e u s e o f p a p e r
is e lim in a t e d o r wis e ly
u s e d . "Go in g Pa p e rle s s "
c a n s a ve m o n e y, b o o s t
p ro d u c t ivit y, s a ve
s p a c e , m a ke e le c t ro n ic
d o c u m e n t a t io n a n d
in fo rm a t io n s h a rin g
e a s ie r a n d m in im ize
e n viro n m e n t a l d a m a g e .
WORKING OF
PAPERLESS OFFICE
Th e Pa p e rle s s o ffic e
will u s e n e t wo rks t o
lin k in t e llig e n t c o p y
m a c h in e s , o p t ic a l
s c a n n e rs , wo rd
p ro c e s s o rs ,
c o m p u t e rs , p rin t e rs ,
o p t ic a l & Ha rd d is c
s t o ra g e fa c ilit ie s &
m a n y o t h e r o ffic e
t e c h n o lo g ie s t o t h e
o u t s id e wo rld via
a re a n e t wo rks .
Go Pa p e rle s s : -

Reduce Costs
Save Time & Money

Ensure business
continuity

Utilize your information
assets.
Microsoft Office
Communicator is an
instant messaging client
used with Microsoft
office communications
server.
OFFICE
COMMUNICATIONS
Electronic Mail Systems
Voice Processing
Systems
Electronic Conferencing
Systems
Fax Systems
Groupware Systems
Virtual Office
Workflow Automation