Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology Management and

Gramothan, Jaipur
15 Days In-House Training Program

Organized by
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering

TOPIC: A Basic Approach to Internet of

Things

By:-
Ms. Pooja Choudhary, Assistant Professor-II
1
Dept. of ECE
OUTLINE
 W hat is Internet of Things?
 History of IoT
 How IoT Works?
 Structure of IoT
 Knowledge Management – From D ata to
W isdom
 The Future of IoT
 The Potential of IoT
 Few Applications of IoT
 Case Studies
 Technological Challenges of IoT
 Advantages & D iadvantages
 References 2
3
 WHAT IS IOT?
It is a platform where everyday devices
becomes smarter, every day processing becomes
intelligent and every day communication becomes
informative.

It is Connectedness between D igital and

Physical World.

4
CONTD..
It is based on 3A concept : A nywher
e
A nytime, and any Media.
Devices, sensors, and everyday items which are
not ordinarily considered to be computers but
which have Internet connectivity and computing
capability.

Everyday items connected to the Internet will

transform the ways we work, live, and play.
5
HISTORY OF IOT

6
CONTD..
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen as a
prerequisite for the IoT at that point.

• If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with

identifiers, computers could manage and inventory them.

• Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved

through such technologies as near field communication,
barcodes, QR codes, bluetooth, and digital watermarking.

7
CONTD..
• 1999- The term "Internet of Things" was used by Kevin
Ashton
during his work at P&G which became widely accepted

• 2004 - The term was mentioned in famous publications like

the
Guardian, Boston Globe, and Scientific American

• 2005-UN's International Telecommunications Union

(ITU) published its first report on this topic.

• 2008- The Internet of Things was born

• 2011- Gartner, the market research company, include "The

Internet of Things" technology in their research 8
 KEY CONSIDERATIONS
1990s Paradigm Shift
2000s
How people and institutions
interact with the Internet in their
personal, social, and economic
The IoT is Not New lives is changing.

Some everyday items have

been controlled over the
Internet since the early
‘90s.
Policy Areas Might
2010s
Benefit From a Review
Passive Engagement Future IoT devices will likely touch
most aspects of our lives,
Many connected which suggests policy makers
devices are designed to will need to consider the
operate in the broad implications across
a wide array of areas.
background with
minimal human
intervention.
9
10
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 HOW IOT WORKS?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel
technology; instead, several complementary technical
developments provide capabilities that taken together help to
bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world.
These capabilities include:
 Communication and cooperation
 Addressability
 Identification
 Sensing
 Actuation
 Embedded information processing
 Localization
 User interfaces
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CONTD..

RFID Senso Smart N ano

r Tech Tech

To To collect To enhance the To make the

identify and process power of the smaller and
and track the data to network by smaller
detect the devolving
the data of things have
changes in processing
things the ability to
the physical capabilities to
connect and
status of different part
things of the network.
interact.

13
CONTD..
1) Sensors/Devices
2) Connectivity
3)Data Processing
4)User Interface

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1) SENSORS/DEVICES

• Sensors or devices are a key component that

helps you to collect live data from the
surrounding environment.
• All this data may have various levels of
complexities.
• It could be a simple temperature monitoring
sensor, or it may be in the form of the video
feed.
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2) CONNECTIVITY

• All the collected data is sent to a

cloud infrastructure.
• The sensors should be connected to the
cloud using various mediums of communications.
• These communication mediums include mobile
or satellite networks, Bluetooth,W I-FI,W AN,
etc.

16
3) DATA PROCESSING

• Once that data is collected, and it gets to the

cloud, the software performs processing on the
gathered data.
• This process can be just checking the temperature,
reading on devices like AC or heaters.
• However, it can sometimes also be very complex
like identifying objects, using computer vision on
video.
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4)USER INTERFACE

• The information needs to be available to the end-

user in some way which can be achieved by
triggering alarms on their phones or sending them
notification through email or text message.
• The user sometimes might need an interface
which actively checks their IoT system.
• For example, the user has a camera installed
in his home. He wants to access video recording
and all the feeds with the help of a web 18
 THE STRUCTURE OF IOT
The IoT can be as a network
consisting
viewedof of devices
giganticand
networks through a seriescomputers
connected of intermediate technologies
where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.

 Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.

 Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from
the
environment.
 Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked
the
ability of smaller things to interact and connect within the “things” or
“smart
devices.”
 Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors 19has
formed the network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things”
 IOT AS A NETWORK OF NETWORKS

These networks connected with added security, analytics, and

management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve. 20
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
– TURNING DATA INTO
WISDOM

The more data that is created, the better understanding

and
wisdom people can 21
 THE FUTURE OF IOT

"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with 22
UNLOCK THE MASSIVE
POTENTIAL OF IOT

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 APPLICATIONS OF IOT

"The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to Automate Human 24

 FEW APPLICATIONS OF IOT
 Building and Home automation
 Manufacturing
 Medical and Healthcare systems
 Media
 Environmental monitoring
 Infrastructure management
 Energy management
 Transportation
 Better quality of life for elderly
You name it, and you will have it in
IoT! 25
26
CASE STUDIES

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EVERYTHING ON A
SINGLE CLICK !!

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SMART CITY

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SMART HOME AUTOMATION

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 SENSORS IN EVEN THE HOLY COW!

In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected

and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle.
This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk
to consume. 32
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IoT helps you in LIFE 36
37
TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
OF IOT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges,
such as:
 Scalability
 Technological Standardization
 Inter operability
 Discovery
 Software complexity
 Data volumes and interpretation
 Power Supply
 Interaction and short range communication
 Wireless communication
 Fault tolerance 38
CHALLENGES
Security
How to ensure robust
and lifelong security
in IoT products and
services?
Interoperability and
Standards
The voluntary use of open,
interoperable, and widely
available standards as
technical building blocks
for IoT devices will deliver
greater benefits.
Privacy
Strategies need to be developed
that promote transparency,
fairness, and user choice in data
collection and handling.
Regulatory, Legal,
and Rights
Issues
The rapid rate of change in
IoT technology could outpace
the ability of associated
policy, legal, and regulatory
structures to adapt.
Emerging Economy and
Development Issues
In order for the benefits of the IoT
to be truly global, the unique needs
and challenges of implementation
in less-developed regions will need
39
to be addressed.
CRITICISMS AND
CONTROVERSIES OF
IOT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have
doubts about the promises of the ubiquitous computing
revolution, in the areas as:
 Privacy
 Security
 Autonomy and C ontrol
 Social control
 Political manipulation
 Design
 Environmental impact
 Influences human moral decision
making 40
 ADVANTAGES OF IOT

• Ability to access information from anywhere at any

time on any device;
• Improved communication between connected
electronic devices;
• Transferring data packets over a connected network
saving time and money; and
• Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a
business's services and reducing the need for human
intervention.
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 DISADVANTAGES IOT
• As the number of connected devices increases and more
information is shared between devices, the potential that a
hacker could steal confidential information also increases.
• Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive
numbers
-- maybe even millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and
managing the data from all those devices will be
challenging.
• If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected
device will become corrupted.
• Since there's no international standard of compatibility for
IoT, it's difficult for devices from different manufacturers to
communicate with each other. 42
43
“How much more
IoT can do is
only left to your
imagination”

44
 REFERENCES
1. Agrawal, S. and Vieira, D., 2013. A survey on Internet of
Things. Abakós, 1(2), pp.78-95.

2. Ray, P.P., 2018. A survey on Internet of Things architectures. Journal of

King
Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 30(3), pp.291-319.

3. Lin, J., Yu, W., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Zhang, H. and Zhao, W., 2017. A
survey on internet of things: Architecture, enabling technologies,
security and privacy, and applications. IEEE internet of things journal,
4(5), pp.1125- 1142.

4. Perera, C., Liu, C.H., Jayawardena, S. and Chen, M., 2014. A survey on
internet of things from industrial market perspective. IEEE Access, 2,
pp.1660-1679.
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