PRESENTED BY : MOHITA NEHCHALDEEP K KAIRON(504) NUPUR

y Technology is defined as all skills ,

knowledge, and procedures for making , using and doing things which are useful to the society.
y Technology is systematic

application or other organized knowledge to practical task.

1. Technology brings change 2. Technology is self reinforcing 3. Technology affects all 4. Division of technology 5. Faster development 6. Technology has become a product

7. Positive and negative implications 8. Wide spread effect 9. Includes both hard and soft technology 10. Complex in nature

1. Determines scope of operations 2. Major proportion 3. More risk 4. Nature of technology determines the kind of human resources by the firms

Technology effects everyone in the society either directly or indirectly. The implications of technology Technology can be felt in various areas i.e. :
Social Implications Economic Implications Managerial Implications

Technology reaches people through business Raises expectations of consumers Systems Complexity Social Changes Social Systems

Increased Productivity Need to spend on R&D Demand for Capital Increases Regulation Boundaries Redefined

Fear of risk Organization Structure Resistance to change TQM Flexible Manufacturing System

Society is the source, user, appraiser and also the source of feedback of technology. The impact of technology on society can be positive as well as negative. Positive Impact:
Technology has helped reduce the

birth and death rates of many

Technology has made it possible

to eradicate many diseases like T.B, Polio, etc. Information and communication technology has spread to the far flung areas of the country also. Technology has made the life of the people, especially the service class simpler and fast paced.

Negative Impact: Technology poses a major threat to culture. Anti social elements make use of advanced technology against the society e.g. terrorist attacks, hacking of computers and internet frauds.

Technology has contributed to

the spirit of cut throat competition and materialism, thereby eroding the social values. Technological developments have increased the stress levels in the society because of increasing work pressure, high,

Technology has a deep impact on various economic aspects: Improved production process ,large scale manufacturing, automation etc. have resulted in lowering the per unit cost of production. Technological advancement has resulted in the better quality products. Now big manufacturing units follow strict quality control system to eliminate defects in the products.

The boundaries of business have

expanded because of improved means of transportation and communication. Technologically superior companies are selling products worldwide e.g. SONY, NOKIA, etc.

On the other hand there have been adverse economic impact due to introduction of new technology: Expenditure on research and development by companies and government has increased. Machines based on technology are very costly. It has increased the capital requirements of business units.

The risk of business units has also

increased as existing products are copied easily and also become obsolete very soon. Technological changes are resisted by employees as they have to learn new skills to operate new technology.

Increased working hours Reduced social relations No gender discrimination Change in pattern of remuneration Superiority by skill Modernization of product line and

product mix

Full capacity utilization Changes Survival of the fittest Rapid rate of obsolescence

It is the process by which commercial technology is disseminated . This will take the form of a technology transfer transactions, which may or may not be a legally binding contract , but which will involve the communication by the transferor of the relevant knowledge to the recipient

1.Training or employment of technical experts 2.Transfer of plant , machinery and equipment 3.Licensing agreements 4.Franchising

5. Turnkey contracts 6. Foreign direct investment 7. Subsidiaries 8. Joint ventures 10. Mergers and aquisaition

1. To accelerate the growth and development 2. To increase productivity 3. To improve the quality of production 4. To increase exports 5. High cost and risk of self production

6. Demonstration effect 7. Improves competitiveness 8. To develop wide variety of products 9. Raises standard of living 10. To spread environment friendly technology

1. Lower priority 2. Charges 3. Closing down of local capital goods 4. Reduces dependency on human beings 5. Creation of monopolistic power Technological dependence 6. Outflow of source foreign exchange

7. After sales services 8. Introduced to people belonging to weaker sections of society 9. Huge payments 10. obsolete

Technological development plays a major role in the economic and over all progress of the nation. All the countries of the world are competing with each other to be the technological leaders. The developing countries are specially making efforts to develop new technologies at a

In the 21st century there is likely to be a shift in the economic power towards the Third World countries. Government of India has issued Science and Technology Policy, 2003 in light of the emerging trends. The main aim of this policy is to attain technological

To ensure food, nutritional, water,

health, environment and energy security to every citizen of India To direct efforts towards elimination of poverty, hunger and malnutrition and provision of livelihood security. To generate employment by using scientific and technological capabilities.

To ensure balanced growth of

urban and rural areas. To promote the empowerment of women in all scientific and technological activities and ensure their full and equal participation.
To ensure maximum development with

minimum capital outlay. To develop technologies which are internationally competitive, particularly those with export potential

To strengthen the infrastructure

and its quality for the development of information technology. To encourage research for forecasting and preventing natural hazards like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, etc. To promote scientific research in universities and other academic,

To promote international science and

technology cooperation. To integrate scientific knowledge with other disciplines like economics, management, agriculture, etc. To use latest advancements in science and technology towards improving national security. To recycle waste materials and make full utilization of by-products. To reduce dependence on foreign inputs by giving incentives to users of indigenous technology.

To achieve the objectives, the science and technology policy has suggested following strategies and implementation plans:
Science and technology

governance and investments. Optimum utilization of existing infrastructure and skills competence.

New funding mechanisms for basic

research. Promoting technology development, transfer and diffusion. Promoting innovations. Industry applications of scientific research and development Use of indigenous resources and traditional knowledge in the best

Use of technologies for mitigation

and management of natural hazards. Generation and management of intellectual property. Creating public awareness about science and technology. To ensure international science and technology co-operation.

Strengthening of the infrastructure for

science and technology in academic institutions. Taking fiscal measures to promote science and technology. Monitoring reviewing implementation of technology policy for further improvement. Promoting Human resources development by promoting higher education and education and training

Our government is promoting research & development by providing income tax relief on research and development expenditure. In certain industries, government allows 150% deduction of research and development expenditure. Government has exempted custom duty on articles, machinery imported for research and development activities. Government has also opened technology parks in which various concessions are

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