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A Note on the
PowerPoint Slides...
These PowerPoint slides contain selected exhibits,
figures, and tables from the chapters as well as
objectives for the chapters. For some chapters,
we include extra lecture slides and in-class
exercises that we have compiled and used in our
classes. The lecture slides are not intended to
provide full outlines or complete lectures for the
chapters, but rather may be used selectively to
enhance class sessions.
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Part 1
FOUNDATIONS
FOR SERVICES
MARKETING
FOUNDATIONS
FOR SERVICES
MARKETING
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Introduction to Services
What are services?
Why services marketing?
Service and Technology
Characteristics of Services Compared to Goods
Services Marketing Mix
Staying Focused on the Customer
Chapter Chapter
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Objectives for Chapter 1:
Introduction to Services
Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
Explain the need for special services marketing concepts and
practices and why the need has developed and is accelerating.
Explore the profound impact of technology on service.
Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the
resulting challenges and opportunities for service businesses.
Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the
philosophy of customer focus as powerful frameworks and themes
that are fundamental to the rest of the text.
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What are services?
Deeds, processes and performances
provided or coproduced by one entity/person
to another entity/person.
A service is any act or performance that one party offer to another that
is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of
anything. Its production may or may not be tied to physical products
Kotler (2003).
An act performance that creates benefits for customers by bringing
about a desired change in - or on behalf of - the recipient. Lovelock &
Wright (2002).
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Categories of service
Service industries and companies
Industries and companies typically classified
within the service sector whose core product is a
service.
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Examples of Service Industries
Health Care
hospital, medical practice, dentistry, eye care
Professional Services
accounting, legal, architectural
Financial Services
banking, investment advising, insurance
Hospitality
restaurant, hotel/motel, bed & breakfast
ski resort, rafting
Travel
airline, travel agency, theme park
Others
hair styling, pest control, plumbing, lawn maintenance, counseling services,
health club, interior design
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Services as products
Intangible product offerings that customers value
and pay for in the marketplace.
Service products are sold by service companies
and by non-service companies.
Example: Department stores that sell gift
wrapping and shipping; pet stores that sell pet
grooming.
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Customer service
Service provided in support of a companys core
products.
Companies typically do not charge for customer
service.
Can occur on-site, over the phone or via the
Internet.
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Derived service
The value derived from physical goods is really
the service provided by the goods, not for the
good itself.
Example: Pharmaceutical provides medical
services, computers provide information and
data manipulation service, a razor provides
barbering services.
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Contributions of Service Industries to
U.S. Gross Domestic Product
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Tangibility Spectrum
Services tend to be more intangible than products,
products tend to be more tangible than services
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Categories of Service Mix
Pure tangible good
No service accompany the product. Consists primarily of
tangible goods e.g. soap, pepper etc.
Tangible good with accompanying services
Consists of a tangible good accompanied by one or
more services.
The more technologically sophisticated the generic
product, the more dependent are the quality and
availability of its customer services (e.g. computers).
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Categories of Service Mix
Hybrid
Consists of equal parts of goods and services, e.g.
people patronize restaurants for foods and services.
Major services accompanying minor goods
and services
Example would be airline passengers buying
transportation services, e.g. food and drinks, airline
magazine etc.
Pure services
Example of this would include baby sitting, massage etc.
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Overview: Why Services Matter
Services dominate economies
Services are growing dramatically
Service leads to customer retention and
loyalty
Service leads to profits
Services help manufacturing companies
differentiate themselves
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Percent of U.S. Labor Force by Industry
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Percent of U.S. Gross Domestic
Product by Industry
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Eight Central Paradoxes of Technological
Products
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Comparing Goods and Services
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Why do firms focus on Services?
Services can provide higher profit margins
and growth potential than products
Customer satisfaction and loyalty are driven
by service excellence
Services can be used as a differentiation
strategy in competitive markets
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Why study Services Marketing?
Service-based economies
Service as a business imperative in manufacturing
and IT
Deregulated industries and professional service
needs
Services marketing is different
Service equals profits
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What is Service? The Old View
Service is a technical after-sale function that is provided by
the service department.
Old:
Service =
wrench time
Old view of service =
Customer Service Center
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What is Service? The New View
Service includes every interaction between any customer
and anyone representing the company, including:
Dealers
Salespeople
Receptionists
and
Schedulers
Management
and Executives
Service
Employees
Billing and
Accounting
Personnel
Web site and
any e-channel
Interaction
Customer
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Service Can Mean all of These
Service as a product
Customer service
Services as value
add for goods
Service embedded in
a tangible product
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Characteristics of Services
Compared to Goods
Intangibility
Perishability
Simultaneous
Production
and
Consumption
Heterogeneity
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Implications of Intangibility
Services cannot be inventoried
Services cannot be easily patented
Services cannot be readily displayed or
communicated
Pricing is difficult
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Implications of Heterogeneity
Service delivery and customer satisfaction
depend on employee and customer actions
Service quality depends on many
uncontrollable factors
There is no sure knowledge that the service
delivered matches what was planned and
promoted
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Implications of Simultaneous
Production and Consumption
Customers participate in and affect the
transaction
Customers affect each other
Employees affect the service outcome
Decentralization may be essential
Mass production is difficult
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Implications of Perishability
It is difficult to synchronize supply and
demand with services
Services cannot be returned or resold
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Challenges for Services
Defining and improving quality
Ensuring the delivery of consistent quality
Designing and testing new services
Communicating and maintaining a consistent image
Accommodating fluctuating demand
Motivating and sustaining employee commitment
Coordinating marketing, operations, and human resource
efforts
Setting prices
Finding a balance between standardization versus
customization
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Examples of Goods Companies that are
Expanding into Services
Boeing
Kodak
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network administration
network
technical support
network equipment
nonproductive operations
by end user (downtime,
file management, etc.)
administration
technical support
desktop hardware
yard operations,
railroad administration,
other
train operations
Infrastructure
freight car services
locomotive services
locomotives
other
finance
repair
insurance
gas
used car purchase
new car purchase
total expenditure:
5X product costs
total expenditure:
21X product costs
total expenditure:
5X product costs
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
annual cost of
PC use: $6,259
total annual cost of rail
operations: $29 billion
average annual household
expenditure: $6,064
Personal Computers Locomotives Automobiles
The sale of a
product accounts
for only a small
portion of overall
revenues.
Providing
services to
customers is
where the real
money is.
Where the Money in Manufacturing Is:
Services
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Traditional Marketing Mix
All elements within the control of the firm
that communicate the firms capabilities and
image to customers or that influence
customer satisfaction with the firms product
and services:
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
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Expanded Mix for Services
The 7 Ps
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
People
All human actors who play a part in service delivery and thus influence the
buyers perceptions: namely, the firms personnel, the customer, and other
customers in the service environment.
Physical Evidence
The environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm and
customer interact, and any tangible components that facilitate performance
or communication of the service.
Process
The actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which the
service is deliveredthe service delivery and operating systems.
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Expanded Marketing Mix for Services
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Ways to Use the 7 Ps
Overall Strategic
Assessment
How effective is a firms
services marketing mix?
Is the mix well-aligned
with overall vision and
strategy?
What are the strengths
and weaknesses in
terms of the 7 Ps?
Specific Service
Implementation
Who is the customer?
What is the service?
How effectively does the
services marketing mix for
a service communicate its
benefits and quality?
What changes/
improvements are needed?