MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDER

Testicular and Scrotal Disorder

1. Testicular Torsion

This is a painful condition caused by the twisting of the spermatic cord, which causes a loss of blood flow to the testicle. Testicular tissue cannot survive without blood flow. Torsion is the most common cause of testicle loss in adolescent males.

Cause
Trauma bell clapper deformity

Testicular Torsion Symptoms excruciating one-sided testicular pain sudden swelling abdominal pain Fever Exams and Tests urinalysis and blood count Doppler ultrasound

Testicular Torsion Treatment

Morphine surgery(untwisted by hand) Orchiectomy orchiopexy

2. Orchitis

Inflammation of the testis

Causes
Viral infection (mumps) Sexually Transmitted Disease ( Chlamydia and gonorrhea)

Symptoms ejaculation of blood hematuria severe pain visible swelling and reddened scrotal skin Tender testicles Treatment Bed rest, scrotal support, local heat pressure oral antibiotic NSAIDs (ibuprofen and naproxen)

3. Epididymitis inflammation of the epididymitis

Cause
STDs (chlamydia and gonorrhea) UTI (E. coli) genito-urinary surgery Trauma

Symptoms
testicular pain Swelling of the affected part of scrotum Reddened scrotum Fever

Treatments
antibiotics NSAIDs Bed rest

4. Hydrocele

is accumulation of fluids around a testicle and tunica vaginalis

Causes
Opening between peritonium and tunica vaginalis stimulate increased production of serous fluid (e.g., tumor, inflammation, trauma) decreases the resorption of this fluid (e.g., inguinal surgery)

Symptoms Painless enlargement of the scrotum history of frequency, urgency, and dysuria associated with bacteriuria and of painful scrotal swelling suggests an inflammatory cause

Treatment needle aspiration, aspiration with injection of a sclerosing agent, and surgical excision.

5. Hematocele

is a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis

Causes
Direct trauma in the testicles result of bleeding into a hydrocele

Signs and Symptoms

swelling in the scrotum scrotum appears bruised and there is localized pain to that area of the scrotum.

Treatment
Oral analgesics Same in the treatment of hydrocele maybe ~,~

6. Spermatocele

small collection of sperm that collects on the surface of the testicle, forming a cyst

Treatment
Does not require intervention unless it is uncomfortable to the patient or is growing too large No specific medical therapy is indicated for treatment of a simple spermatocele Oral analgesics may be prescribed for symptomatic relief Sclerotherapy- tetracycline, talc powder, fibrin glue, phenol Spermatocelectomy

7. Varicocele

is an abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles

Cause
renal cell carcinoma (a.k.a. hypernephroma) retroperitoneal fibrosis or adhesions due to compression of the venous drainage of the testicle

Signs and symptoms

Pain Fertility Problems Testicular Atrophy Feeling of heaviness in the testicle(s) Visible or palpable (able to be felt) enlarged vein, likened to feeling a bag of worms

Treatment
Varicocelectomy

embolization

varicocele embolization

8. Undescended Testes (cryptorchidism)

is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotumusually represents failure of the testis to move, or "descend" during fetal development from an abdominal position, through the inguinal canal, into the ipsilateral scrotum,

Causes
Severely premature infants can be born before descent of testes A small percentage of cases of isolated cryptorchidism are familial exposure to regular alcohol (female) Rare iatrogenic

Treatment
orchiopexy hormonal therapy (when the undescended testis is in the inguinal canal)

Reporter: James Christian C. Cristobal