INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

By Brig (R) Ahmad Khan

MBBS, DPH (Pb), MPH (USA), M-Sc

ORIGIN OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH 1-First international sanitary conference -1851 Origin of international health cooperation dates back to 1851 International sanitary conference in Paris Attended by European countries- Austria ,France, great Britain Greece ,Portugal, Russia and Spain 2-Pan American Sanitary Bureau 1902 in America 3-Office of international D,Hygiene Publique in Paris to disseminate information on communicable diseases and to supervise international quarantine measures
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4-The Health Organization of The League Of Nations-1923 After World War 1914-18 It included a health organizations to take steps in matters of international concern for prevention and control of diseases 5- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration-1943 UNRRA for the purpose of organizing recovery from the effects of second world war

BIRTH OF WHO Origin in April 1945 during conference held at San Francisco to set up united nations Proposed by brazil and china Constitution was drawn up at an international health conference in New York in 1946 Constitution was forced on 7TH April 1948 celebrated as world health day WHO headquarters at Geneva OBJECTIVE Attainment of all peoples of the highest level of health set in the preamble of the constitution Current objective is attainment of health by all the people of the world by the year 2000 and beyond of level of health that permits socially and economically productive life
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WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

FUNCTIONS OF WHO
1.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SPECIFIC DISEASES DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SERVICES FAMILY HEALTH ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH HEALTH STATISTICS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH HEALTH LITERATURE AND INFORMATION COOPERATION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATION

STRUCTURE/PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF WHO

THREE PRINCIPAL ORGANS 1. The world health assembly 2. The executive board 3. The secretariat

1-WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY

Health parliament of nations and supreme governing body Meets annually in May and generally in Geneva Assembly is composed of delegates from member states FUNCTIONS 1-To determine international health policy and programmes 2- To review the work of the past year 3-To approve the budget for the following year 4- To elect member states to designate a person to serve for three years on the executive board
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2- EXECUTIVE BOARD
The board originally has 18 members each designated by a member state Health assembly increased the number from 24 to 30 to 31 provided that no fewer than three are to be elected from each of WHO regions Members of board are technically qualified in field of health They are designated by but dont represent their governments One third of membership renewed every year Board meets at least twice a year generally in January and shortly after world health assembly meeting in may
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FUNCTIONS 1- Give effect to the decisions and policies of assembly 2-power to take action in emergency like epidemic or earthquake and floods 3- SECRETERIAT Secretariat is headed by director general who is chief technical and administrative officer of the organization There are 5 assistant director generals at headquarters in Geneva

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REGIONS
Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), with headquarters in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and Morocco which belong to EMRO. Somalia is also not counted as it does not have an official government, though it is in the process of getting one. Regional Office for Europe (EURO), with headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark. Regional Office for South East Asia (SEARO), with headquarters in New Delhi, India. North Korea is served by SEARO.

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Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), with headquarters in Cairo, Egypt. EMRO includes the countries of Africa, and particularly in the Maghreb, that are not included in AFRO, as well as the countries of the Middle East, except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO. Regional Office for Western Pacific (WPRO), with headquarters in Manila, Philippines. WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO and EMRO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is servedSeuri, FIOH, 2004 Markku by WPRO. 12

Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO), with headquarters in Washington, D.C., USA. It is better known as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Since it predates the establishment of WHO, PAHO is by far the most autonomous of the 6 regional offices. Why Pakistan is in EMRO and not in SEARO? WHO IS THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF WHO?----MARGARET CHAN

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What is the theme for WHO for the year2010? Urbanization: a challenge for public health Members? 190 members states and two associate members
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OTHER UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES

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UNICEF
United Nations Children's Fund (or UNICEF; pronounced / ju n s f/) was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System and its name was shortened from the original United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name. Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing 16 countries.

FUNCTIONS OF UNICEF 1-CHLID HEALTH 2-CHILD NUTRITION 3-FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE 4-EDUCATION

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United Nations Development Programme---UNDP

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP operates in 166 countries, working with nations on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners. UNDP is an executive board within the United Nations General Assembly. The UNDP Administrator is the third highest ranking official of the United Nations after the United Nations Secretary-General and Deputy 18 Secretary-General.

Headquartered in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The organization has country offices in 166 countries, where it works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
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UNDP provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries. To accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its programs.
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Furthermore, UNDP publishes an annual Human Development Report to measure and analyze developmental progress. In addition to a global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development Reports.

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ILO---INTERNATINAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

Was established in in 1919 soon after 1st world war Headquarters in Geneva Switzerland FUNCTIONS 1. To contribute to establishment of lasting peace by promoting social justice 2. To improve labor conditions and living standards through international action 3. To promote economic and social stability 4. To provide assistance nterested in betterment of of living and employment standards 5. What is internatinal labor code ? Minimum standards related to health ,welfare ,living and 22 working conditions of workers all over the world

FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

Was established in 1945 after second world war Headquarters in Rome Italy FUNCTIONS 1- To help nations raise their living standards 2- To improve nutrition of people of all the countries 3-To increase efficiency of farming ,forestry and fisheries 4- To Better the conditions of rural people and through all these means to widen the oppurtunity for the people for productive work

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WORLD BANK
Specialized agency of united nations Helping less developed countries raise their living standards Powers vested in board of governors Gives loans for projects leading to economic development e.g. electric power ,roads ,railway, agriculture ,water supply ,education ,family planning

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