CELL DIVISION

The movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

The comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Similarities - Both processes consist of _____ stages, that is _______________, _______________, ________________, ____________________ - Both processes involve division of _______________ and division of ___________________.

The comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Aspects Meiosis I Meiosis II

Synapsis

Crossing over Paired ____________ ______________________ line up at the equator Paired _____________ ___________________ separate and move to opposite poles _________ haploid cells are formed Each chromosomes with ______________ _____________________ line up at the equator The ___________ ___________________ separate and moves to opposite poles _________ haploid cells are formed

Metaphase I and Metaphase II

Anaphase I and Anaphase II

End process

Comparison between Mitosis and Meiosis

Similarities
Both processes are division of _______ In both processes, the chromosome replicates only _____________

Differences
Meiosis Aspects Place occur Parent cell divide _______________ Number of division No. of daughter cells Synapsis of homologous chromosomes Number of cytokinesis Parent cell divide ______________ Mitosis

Differences
Meiosis Aspects Crossing over No. of chromosomes in daughter cells Genetic composition of daughter cells DNA replication Role in the animal body Mitosis

Appreciating the Movement of Chromosomes During Mitosis and Meiosis

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

During cell divisions, chromosomes move to the cell equator and then towards the poles in an ___________ _______________ In mitosis, such orderly movement ensures that the daughter cells contain exactly the _____________________________ ___________________ as the parent cell In meiosis, such orderly movement ensures that the daughter cells contain _______________ the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

The movement of chromosomes is guided by ______________________ Error in spindle thread connection can result in the formation of cells with an _________________ number of chromosomes

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

What happened to me? Hohoho

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Some diseases in humans are caused by such errors. For example:
______________________ or Mongolisms is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. This means there are _____ chromosomes in a Downs syndrome person. The abnormal chromosomes number causes the person to be physically and mentally retarded

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Some diseases in humans are caused by such errors. For example:
______________________ result when a __________ has only __________ chromosome X instead of two (XO instead of the normal XX). A turners syndrome woman has no __________________ and is, therefore, __________________

Orderly movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

_________________ syndrome results when a __________ has an ________ chromosome X (XXY instead of the normal XY). The patient is a __________ male with abnormally small _____________ and has ________________ characteristics such as breast development and little facial hair

Preventing mutation
The characteristics of an organism are determined by genetic information in the chromosomes that the organism inherits from its parents. Genetic information may change. This is known as ______________. Mutations can result in ________________. Mutations may be induced by ______________ radiation in sunlight, _________________, _________________________ substances

Preventing mutation
Extra information:
Carcinogens are cancer-causing chemicals. Examples of carcinogenic substances sodium nitrite and afflatoxin. Sodium nitrite is used as a food preservative Afflatoxin is found in improperly stored cereals and nuts that are overgrown with fungi