Urban Traffic Management

URBAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

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Urban Traffic Management

What you will (hopefully!) learn in this session

What traffic management is Why you do it How you might enforce it What it can achieve What it might cost (Briefly) how you might implement it

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Urban Traffic Management

Structure of session
Introduction and categorisation of traffic management measures Focusing in on certain types Enforcement exercise More details of different types of traffic management including costs and what theyve achieved Group exercise based on arterial street

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Urban Traffic Management

DEFINITION OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Traffic Management is

the process of adjusting or adapting the use of an

existing road (system) to meet specified objectives without substantial new road construction. So strong links to other topics in this and other ELTIS workshops: Cycling Safety Parking

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Urban Traffic Management

So what are some objectives of TM?

What do you think?

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Categorisation of TM measures
Public transport priority Street management to share space differently or make space feel different; Traffic system optimisation Access controls and pricing

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Urban Traffic Management

In this session, we concentrate on:

Public transport priority such as

bus (or tram) lanes, better bus stops, Public transport (PT) priority at signals, PT-only sections of road, turns that only PT vehicles can make Parking regulations Wider and more comfortable footways, road narrowings, level changes Better crossings Shared space

Street management to share space differently or make space feel different such as

Why only these two categories of measure for this training?

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ENFORCEMENT DISCUSSION
Many TM measures work only with proper enforcement but how does
proper enforcement work for you? In multi-national groups of 5 discuss the following questions: Think about a traffic management measure in your city that doesnt work well because drivers dont comply with (respect) it e.g. a bus lane or a parking regulation How (well) is the measure enforced? What is the penalty for not complying? How could you improve compliance with TM measures generally? Are there any examples of traffic management or parking measures in your towns and cities where compliance with the measures is good and/or has improved recently? How is this achieved?

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FIRST OF ALL. MAKING STREETS FEEL DIFFERENT

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Footways and simple crossings

Ideally, smooth wide walking space free from obstructions Clear safe frequent crossing points Dropped kerbs and tactile paving 1300 per pair Rebuilt footway 20-150 per sq m Building footway into road space 50-200 per sq m

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Urban Traffic Management

Slightly more expensive crossings

Signalled crossings with raised road surface - 25000 Painted signed crossings - 3000 (but dont forget dropped kerbs unless you have) entry treatments on side road junctions priority to pedestrians 7000 maybe with widened footway/narrowed junction mouth

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Urban Traffic Management

Pedestrianisation
Pedestrianisation it is nice but its not cheap UK costs 800,000 to 1.3 million per 100m of street! Spain - 300,000

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Urban Traffic Management

Signage

Cheap and effective if compliance/enforcement good One way streets for cars two way for bikes and/or buses 30 kph zones Sign and pole cost 120 plus installation Parking restrictions signs and painted lines @ 0.70 per m Parking ticket machines 7,000 (but you could use SMS parking payment) Would this work in your city?
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Urban Traffic Management

30 kph zones (with speed cushions)

Slow cars but not buses 1000-1500 per cushion

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Minimum widths (UK)

Traffic lane, no parking 2.8m Traffic lane with parking 4.5m Cycle lane on street 1m (sometimes 0.8m) One-way cycle path off-street 2.5m Two way cycle path off-street 3.5m Footway for pedestrians depends on flow but absolute minimum 1m, comfortable minimum in low-flow situations 2.5m

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Urban Traffic Management

Shared space
Costs as for pedestrianisation Effects reduces accidents, improves local economy, and enhances traffic flow Lets watch some videos

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EXAMPLES
ADONIS Project(4th Framework) Local street improvements

Pedestrianised area with access for residents, Namur

Access Control system www.eu-portal.net

ADONIS Final Report Pages 40 and 41

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EXAMPLES
ADONIS Project (4th Framework) Local street improvements

Elimination of pavements in streets with limited car traffic - Mechelen Signage Sign at the entrance of la Ribera, Barcelona
ADONIS Final Report Pages 22 and 40

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Urban Traffic Management

Impacts of such measures

One example CIVITAS Burgos (ES) access restrictions

4 square km in city centre All with access restrictions (bollards); 25% completely pedestrianised Results:
25% reduction in CO2 levels in the historical centre 30% reduction in vehicles circulating including 20% in HGVs Road safety

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Economic impacts of traffic management

Specifically, impacts of shared space, streetscape improvements, parking management, pedestrianisation See Whitehead et al (2006) left and Sandahl and Lindh (1995) below

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SECONDLY PRIORITY FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT

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What is PT priority 1
Any physical measure on the highway which protects PT vehicles from or allows them to bypass congested sections of road Any physical measure on the road which protects PT vehicles from the effects of parked vehicles Hierarchy of measures from turning ban exemptions through to full segregation (tram or busway) Is it giving capacity to public transport?

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Effect of PT lane on junction capacity

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What is PT priority 2
Turning ban exemptions and entry restrictions With-flow bus lanes Contra-flow bus lanes

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What is PT priority 3
Bus advance areas Bus only streets Bus boarders

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Urban Traffic Management

Does PT priority work?

Uxbridge Rd, London:
42km route 2-way, of which 6 km bus lane Excess waiting time down 30% in 3 years 1993-1996 Pax numbers up 20%

Burdett Rd, London (bus lane and pre-signals) 1990 to 1995:

SB am peak 411 seconds down to 397 SB pm peak 735 seconds down to 398 SB am peak 578 seconds down to 575 SB am peak 1100 seconds down to 517

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Urban Traffic Management

Does PT priority work?

Route 220, London:
1993-1995 14.5% reduction in journey time Patronage increased by 10% 3.7% of new passengers transferred from car

Bath Rd, Bristol, bus lanes 1992

Before average journey time 214, after 123 SD down from 55 to 138

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EXAMPLES: CAPTURE Project (4th Framework)

Bucharest Physical Measures
Implementing a public transport lane on one side of a 600 metres corridor together with stop platform facilities

Before (June 1997)

After (June 1998)

Bus Frequency (n of vehicles/hour/direction) Average speed of bus travel on (corridor/Km/hour) RATB average speed in Bucharest (km/hour) Trip time (seconds)

98

89

12.5 16.5 180

27.0 16.7 78
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CAPTURE Deliverable 8 Page 1.159

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EXAMPLES
INCOME Project(4th Framework)
Public Transport Priority UTC London

Sample Main Road Links Side Road Links All Links

SPRINT Strategy Green Extensions only Green Extensions and recalls Green Extensions only Green Extensions and recalls Green Extensions only Green Extensions and recalls

Saving in Average Bus Delay (Secs/Junction) 1.8 2.0 2.4 6.4 1.9 2.9

INCOME - Annex A to Final Report Technical Description, Results and Recommendations, Page A7

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EXAMPLES
INCOME Project(4th Framework) - Public Transport Priority UTC Gothenburg
Emergency Vehicle Priority - The escape route along Engelbrektsgatan and the effects on cycle time and green splits from the ACL impact

Main vehicle flow Bus/Tram route Bus route Emergency corridors ACL impact at intersection 16 Before emergency priority (mid-day) During emergency priority (mid-day) Difference Cycle Time 72 s 95 s +32% Green Split (s) 26 s 65 s +150%

INCOME - Annex A to Final Report Technical Description, Results and Recommendations, Page A35

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EXAMPLES
INCOME Project (4th Framework) - London Integration of Public Transport Priority and AVL
Priority algorithm AVL Radio poll and priority request Location/time

Total bus saving (Euro/hr)

Signal timings, central priority, etc

Signal status, priority request (optional), etc.

Radio or cable link

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

Combined Travel time

Signal controller

Roadside beacon

Waiting time
20 40 60 80 Percentage of buses receiving priority (Simulation Results) 100

INCOME - Final Report Pages 13,14

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Enforcing PT priority
Colour bus lanes Use police traffic wardens Automatic enforcement:
Decriminalise Allow camera enforcement Roadside CCTV and on-bus used in London Croydon used CCTV, issued 47175 tickets Non-compliance down by >90% Newham down by >74%

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Implementing PT priority
ID problems
queues, delays, boarding difficulties

ID opportunities
wide roads; one-way systems; places to re-route

Outline design - consider:

Operating hours Parking restrictions Requirements for equipment on buses Police resources

Consultation

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Going beyond bus priority

Total route treatment e.g. Route 43, London
Nicer buses Better stops and access to stops Priority (inc. at signals) Rationalisation of on-street loading Better enforcement Driver training Decent road surface Marketing and information Good operational management
Extended to 70 routes over next 3 years - 200 million www.eu-portal.net

Urban Traffic Management

Example of arterial street a bit like yours

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