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Phần Mềm Tin Học


Nội dung
Phần mềm HT: Hệ điều hành, phần mềm tiện ích,
phần mềm phát triển, phần mềm quản trị máy tính
& truyền thông, phần mềm quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu
Phần mềm ứng dụng: phần mềm ứng dụng đa
năng, phần mềm ứng dụng chuyên biệt
Những đặc tính chung của phần mềm hiện đại
Một số vấn đề về việc trang bị phần mềm
Overview of Software

Software is the detailed instructions and procedures


that control the operation of a computer system.
Software consists of computer programs that control
the working of the computer hardware, and
documentation that describes the program functions
to help the user operate the computer system.
The functions of software are to (1) manage the
computer resources of the organizations; (2) provide
tools for people to take advantage of these resources;
and (3) act as an intermediary between organizations
and stored data and information.
Overview of Software

There are two major types of software:


System software is a set of generalized programs
that manages the resources of the computer, such as the
CPU, communication links, and peripheral devices.
Application software is a set of programs that are
written for or by users of computer systems to perform
specific tasks.
Programmers: system programmers, application
programmers.
System software
System software is the set of programs
designed to coordinate the various parts of
the computer system and control the activities
and functions of the hardware and various
programs throughout the computer system.
System software serves as the interface
between the hardware, application programs,
and the user
System software
operating system: system software
manages and controls activities of computer.
computer language translation
programs: convert programming language
into machine language
utility programs: perform some common
tasks.
computer system platform: combination
of a particular hardware configuration and
system software package.
Operating Systems
Coordinate all of activities among computer
hardware resources.
Decide which computer resources will be
used, which programs will be run, and the
order in which activities will take place.
kernel is responsible for managing memory,
files, and devices; maintaining the computer's
clock; starting applications; and assigning the
computer's resources
OS Basic Functions
Starting a Computer: cold boot & warm boot
User Interface: command-line & graphical user interface
Allocation and Assignment
Scheduling
Configuring:
device driver is a small program that accepts commands from
another program and then converts these commands into
commands that the device understands
Plug and Play is the computer's capability of recognizing any new
device and assisting in the installation of the device by loading the
necessary drivers automatically and checking for conflicts with
other devices.
Monitoring: resource usage, user, security
Accessing The Web
Features of Operating
Systems
Single User/Single Tasking: allows only one user
to run one program at a time
Multiprogramming: permits multiple programs to
share a computer system's resources at any one time
through concurrent use of the CPU
Time Sharing: allows many users to share
computer processing resources simultaneously
Multitasking: multiprogramming on single-user
operating systems
Multiprocessing: two or more CPUs to work in
parallel in a single compute system
Virtual Memory
Types of Operating
Systems
Three basic categories of operating systems:
stand-alone: works on a desktop or notebook
computer
Network: supports a network and typically
resides on a server
Embedded: resides on a ROM chips and
typically used on handheld computers and small
devices
Utility Programs
perform routine, repetitive tasks, such as
coping, viewing files, compressing, clearing
memory, diagnosing problems, scanning
disks, checking for viruses, uninstalling
software, backing up files and disks,
displaying screen savers, sorting…
utility suites: combine several utility
programs into a single package.
Web-based utility services: access and
use the vendor’s utility programs on the Web.
Ex. McAfee and Norton.
Language Translation
translate higher-level language
programs into machine language that
the computer can execute
type of system software includes:
Compiler:
interpreter, and
assembler
Application Software
Consists of programs designed to perform
specific tasks for users.
Primary function: to apply the power of the
computer to give individuals, workgroups,
and the entire organization the ability to solve
problems and accomplish specific tasks.
Application software may be either custom
or packaged
Những đặc tính chung của
phần mềm hiện đại
Dễ sử dụng
Chống sao chép
Tương thích với phần mềm khác
Tương thích vớI nhiều thiết bị ngoạI vi
Tính hiện thờI của phần mềm
Giá cả phần mềm
Yêu cầu bộ nhớ
Quyền sử dụng trên mạng
Một số vấn đề về việc trang bị
phần mềm
Vấn đề tương thích của phần mềm:
tương thích ngang: nhiều phần mềm trên 1 máy
tương thích dọc: 1 phần mềm trên nhiều loại máy
Xu thế chung trong thiết kế phần mềm
Giao diện đồ họa
Cửa sổ hóa
Liên kết dữ liệu nơi này vớI nơi khác, phần mềm này
vớI phần mềm khác
Dễ sử dụng
Yêu cầu phần cứng ngày càng cao & khả năng tự động
cài đặt để làm việc vớI nhiều loạI cấu hình máy tính
khác nhau.
Một số vấn đề về việc trang bị
phần mềm
Lựa chọn phần mềm:
Xác định rõ yêu cầu ứng dụng
Chọn đúng phần mềm:
Đúng hãng
Liên hệ tác giả
Liên hệ công ty phần mềm xin Demo
Chọn phần cứng phù hợp cho phần mềm

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