Spin up and Spin down

Experiments in a closed Basin

Moutushi Tanjia Zakir

Environmental Fluid Dynamics

Arizona State University
 Outline
• Introduction
• Background
• Theoretical analysis
• Physical system and Parameters
• Experimental facilities and Techniques
• Experimental Results.
• Conclusion
• Future work
 Introduction
• Laboratory Experiments are carried out for the flow of
homogenous fluids along a bottom topography in the presence
of background rotation.

• Laboratory experiments are concerned with the development of

motion fields initiated by impulsively establishing up-welling
(spin down) or down-welling (spin up) favorable flows along a
conical shape bottom topography.

• Our primary objective is to obtain both qualitative observations

and quantitative data of the resulting motion field of impulsively
started spin up and spin down favorable oceanic flows.
 Background
• It is widely recognized that the dynamical characteristics of
oceanic bottom boundary layer are important in considering
such matters as sediment transport , turbulent mixing of the
oceanic interior, suitability as a habitat for aquatic biota and the
specification of boundary conditions for coastal general
circulation.

• Experiments are being conducted at the Laboratoire des

Ecoulements Geophysiques et industriels( LEGI), Grenoble,
France in an effort to better parameterize bottom boundary
layers in a large scale oceanic flows over slopping surfaces.
 Background(continued)
• A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in Coriolis
lab, Grenoble concerning the flow of homogeneous and linearly
stratified fluids along a continuous shelf slope system in the
presence of background rotation.

• The continuous shelf slope topography used in Grenoble

 Background( continued)
• Experiments in Grenoble for turbulent and transitional flows
have shown the difference in flow between spin up and spin
down.
• Those experiments has led to investigate the flow for spin and
spin down over slopping surfaces in the presence of
background rotation with a different bottom topography.
• Bottom topography used in ASU tank
 Theoretical Analysis
• A theory is developed in Grenoble in order to relate the shear
stress at the bottom of the tank to the velocity of the fluid within
it.

• The equation for evolution of azimuthal velocity was addressed

using integral angular momentum balance and employing
conservation of mass.

• The equation for evolution of azimuthal velocity :

hB + h
2
u∗ r 2 ∂u ∂ 2
−
cos β
= hr 2 θ I +
∂t ∫
hB
∂r
(r ur uθ )dz
 hB + h
2
u∗ r 2 ∂u ∂ 2
−
cos β
= hr 2 θ I +
∂t ∫
hB
∂r
(r u r uθ )dz

Where
u∗ is the shear stress velocity
uθ I Is the azimuthal velocity of the fluid in the bulk of the flow
uθ , u r Are azimuthal and radial velocity components
( for boundary layer and bulk of the flow)
h = h(r ) Is the local height of the fluid column
β Is the local slope of the bottom topography
hB = hB (r ) Is the height of the bottom topography
 Theoretical analysis ( continued)
• Vishal Vasan has addressed the theory related to the flow for
laminar case.

• Using the concept of integral momentum balance and

conservation of mass he developed the equation for evolution
of azimuthal velocity for the laminar flow.

∂uθ I ∂ r 2uθ I hδ E cos β

2 2
r 2uθ I 3
2 2
hr + ( ) = −δ E Ωhr uθ I −
2
(5δ E sin β − hKδ E tan β )
∂t ∂r 8 8 2

ν
δE =
Ω cos β
 Experimental Facility
Physical Parameters:
Diameter of the tank:
d=178 cm.
Maximum depth of the
water: H= 15.7cm.
Angle of the slope: 100
 d

H
100
 Experimental technique : PIV

Average Maximum
radius of laser sheet:
Camera
65.5 cm.
Laser

Maximum radius of the Tank Water level

water level: 71.5 cm.

Height of the water level:

12.7 cm.
Fig: Schematic diagram of the experimental
setup for PIV
 Experimental technique
Flow Visualization by electrolytic Dye production
The working fluid is the aqueous Anode 
solution of thymol blue( pH indicator) wire

The solution was made acidic ( orange

Power
color) close to the point of becoming Platinum 
supply cathode wire
basic
Thin straight platinum wire was used as
negative electrode (cathode).
Top view of the
Two platinum wire was placed tank
perpendicular to the main flow direction.
 dc voltage is applied to produce blue
dye around the cathode wire
Governing Parameters
 Experimental procedure
• First a background rotation of a fixed Coriolis parameter(Ω)is applied
to the homogeneous fluid in the tank.
• When there is a zero relative motion (Solid body rotation), Flows are
driven impulsively by changing the turntable rotation rate.
• If the rotation of the tank is increased then the fluid has to Spin Up to
the new rotation rate.
• If the rotation of the tank is reduced then the fluid has to Spin down
to the new rotation rate.
• The ratio of the change in the rotation rate (ΔΩ) to the final rotation
rate (Ω) tells us how strong the motion of the fluid is relative to the
rotating tank. For geophysical applications we like to keep this ratio
small.
 Experimental Results
Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time ( Ro # 0.2)
r=0.37
r=0.37
0.2   0.2  
u/U0 V1
0.1 0.1 U1
v/V0
V2
0
0 U2
­0.1 V3
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.37

­0.1 U3
­0.2 V4

U/U0 & V/U0
­0.2 U4
­0.3
­0.3
­0.4

­0.4 ­0.5

­0.5 ­0.6

­0.6 ­0.7

­0.8  
­0.7   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T
t/T

Spin up Ro # 0.2 Spin up Ro #0.2

 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time
r=0.5
r=0.5
0.2  
0.2  
V1
u/U0 0.1
0.1 U1
v/V0 V2
0
0
U2
­0.1 V3
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.5

­0.1
U3
­0.2 ­0.2 V4

U/U0 &V/U0
U4
­0.3 ­0.3

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6

­0.7 ­0.7

­0.8   ­0.8  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Up Ro #0.2
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time

r=0.65

radius = 0.65
0.2  
0.2  
u/U0
V1
0.1 0.1
v/V0 U1
0 V2
0
U2
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.65

­0.1 ­0.1 V3
U3
­0.2 ­0.2

U/U0  &  V/U0
V4
U4
­0.3 ­0.3

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6

­0.7 ­0.7

­0.8  
­0.8   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Up Ro #0.2
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time
r = 0.77
radius =0.77

0.2   0.2  
u/U0 V1
0.1 0.1
v/V0 U1
0 0 V2
U2
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.77

­0.1 ­0.1 V3
U3
­0.2 ­0.2

U/U0 & V/U0
V4
­0.3 ­0.3 U4

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6

­0.7 ­0.7

­0.8   ­0.8  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin up , Ro # 0.2
 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time
(Spin Down)
r = 0.37
radius =0.37
1.2  
1.4  
u/U0
V1
1 v/V0 1.2 U1
V2
1 U2
0.8
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.37

V3
U3
0.8
V4

U/U0 & V/U0
0.6
U4
0.6
0.4
0.4

0.2
0.2

0 0

­0.2   ­0.2  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Down, Ro # 0.2

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

r = 0.5
radius =0.5
1.4   1.6  
u/U0 V1
1.4 U1
1.2 v/V0
V2
1.2
U2
1
1 V3
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.5

U3
0.8 0.8

U/U0  &  V/U0
V4
U4
0.6 0.6

0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0

0 ­0.2

­0.4  
­0.2   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t/T
t/T

Spin Down, Ro # 0.2

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

r= 0.65
radius = 0.65
1.4  
1.8  
u/U0
V1
1.2 v/V0 1.6 U1
V2
1 1.4
U2
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.65

1.2 V3
0.8
U3
1

U/U0  &  V/U0
V4
0.6
U4
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.4
0
0.2

­0.2 0

­0.4   ­0.2  
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Down, Ro # 0.2

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

r= 0.77
radius = 0.77
1.4   1.8  
u/U0 V1
1.2 1.6 U1
v/V0
V2
1.4
1 U2
Time Series Ro=0.2, r=0.77

1.2 V3
U3
0.8
1

U/U0  &  V/U0
V4
U4
0.6 0.8

0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2

0 0

­0.2   ­0.2  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Down, Ro# o.2

 Radial velocity profile for azimuthal velocity

Radial velocity profile for U, Ro# 0.2 Radial velocity profile for U, Ro# 0.2
0.1   0.6  

0 0.5

­0.1
0.4
t/T=2 t/T=2
­0.2
t/T=5 0.3 t/T=5
t/T=8 t/T=8

U/U0
U/U0

­0.3 t/T=10 t/T=10

0.2
­0.4

0.1
­0.5

0
­0.6

­0.7   ­0.1  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

Spin Up , Ro # 0.2 Spin Down , Ro # 0.2

 Radial velocity profile for radial velocity
Radial velocity profile for V, Ro# 0.2
0.12  
t/T=2
t/T=5
0.1
t/T=8
t/T=10 Radial velocity profile for V, Ro# 0.2
0.08 0.02  

0
0.06
V/U0

­0.02
0.04
­0.04

0.02
­0.06

V/U0
0 ­0.08

­0.1
­0.02  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R ­0.12 t/T=2
t/T=5
­0.14 t/T=8
t/T=10
Spin Down, Ro # 0.2 ­0.16  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R

Spin Up, Ro # 0.2

Radial velocity (U) from four runs :Spin Up
 Run 1:t/T=5
Run 3:t/T=5
Run 2:t/T=5
Run 4:t/T=5
Radial velocity profiles for U at 2 rotations for four Runs Radial velocity profiles for U at 5 rotations for four Runs
   
0 0
 Run 1:t/T=2
Run 2:t/T=2
­0.1 Run 3:t/T=2 ­0.1
Run 4:t/T=2

­0.2 ­0.2

­0.3 ­0.3

U/U0
U/U0

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6

   
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

2 rotation 5  rotation
 Run 1:t/T=8
Run 3:t/T=8
Run 2:t/T=8
Run 4:t/T=8  Run 1:t/T=10
Run 3:t/T=10
Run 2:t/T=10
Run 4:t/T=10
Radial velocity profiles for U at 8 rotations for four Runs Radial velocity profiles for U at 10 rotations for four Runs
   
0 0

­0.1 ­0.1

­0.2 ­0.2

­0.3 ­0.3
U/U0

U/U0

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6
   
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

8   Ro #0.2 10  rotation

rotation
 Radial velocity (U) from four runs :Spin
 Run 1:t/T=2
Run 3:t/T=2
Run 2:t/T=2
Run 4:t/T=2
Down
Radial velocity profiles for U at 2 rotations for four Runs
 
Radial velocity profiles for U at 5 rotations for four Runs
 
0.5  Run 1:t/T=5
0.5 Run 2:t/T=5
Run 3:t/T=5
0.4
Run 4:t/T=5
0.4
0.3
U/U0

0.3
0.2

U/U0
0.2
0.1

0.1
0

0
­0.1
 
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 ­0.1
r/R  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R

2 rotation 5 rotation
Radial velocity profiles for U at 8 rotations for four Runs
 
Radial velocity profiles for U at 10 rotations for four Runs
 Run 1:t/T=8
 
0.5 Run 2:t/T=8
 Run 1:t/T=10
Run 3:t/T=8
0.5 Run 2:t/T=10
Run 4:t/T=8
Run 3:t/T=10
0.4
Run 4:t/T=10
0.4
0.3
U/U0

0.3
0.2
U/U0

0.2
0.1

0.1
0

0
­0.1
 
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 ­0.1
r/R  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R

8 rotation Ro #0.2 10 rotation

 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time
( Ro # 0.15)
r = 0.37
U1
V1
U3
V3
U2
V2
U4
V4
radius =0.3
0.2   0.2  
u/U0
0.1
0.1
v/V0

0
0
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.37

­0.1
­0.1

U/ U0 & V/U0
­0.2
­0.2
­0.3

­0.3
­0.4

­0.4 ­0.5

­0.5 ­0.6

 
­0.6   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T
t/T

Spin Up : Ro # 0.15
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time

 r = 0.5
radius= 0.5
0.2  
0.2  
u/U0
V1
0.1 v/V0 0.1 U1
V2
0 0 U2
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.5

V3
­0.1 ­0.1
U3
V4

U/U0 & V/U0
­0.2 ­0.2
U4

­0.3 ­0.3

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6

­0.7   ­0.7  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Up : Ro # 0.15
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time

r =0.65
radius =0.65
0.2   0.2  
u/U0
0.1 0.1
v/V0

0 0
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.65

­0.1 ­0.1

U/U0 & V/U0
­0.2 ­0.2

­0.3 ­0.3 V1
­0.4
U1
­0.4 V2
­0.5 U2
­0.5
V3
­0.6 U3
­0.6
V4
­0.7   U4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ­0.7  
t/T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T

Spin Up : Ro # 0.15
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time

 r = 0.77
radius =0.77
0.1   0.2  
u/U0
v/V0 0.1
0

0
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.77

­0.1
­0.1
V1

U/U0 & V/U0
­0.2 ­0.2 U1
V2
­0.3 U2
­0.3
V3
­0.4 U3
­0.4 V4
­0.5
U4
­0.5 ­0.6

 
­0.6   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T
t/T

Spin Up : Ro # 0.15
 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time
(Spin Down)
r = 0.37
Time series for different Run
0.4  
0.4  
V1
u/U0
0.3 U1
0.3 v/V0 V2
U2
0.2
V3
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.37

0.2
U3
0.1 V4

Ro=0.15, r=0.37
0.1 U4
0
0
­0.1

­0.1
­0.2

­0.2
­0.3

­0.3   ­0.4  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T t/T

Spin Down : Ro # 0.15

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

 r = 0.5 Time series for different Run
0.5   0.5  
V1
u/U0
U1
0.4 v/V0 0.4
V2
U2
0.3 0.3 V3
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.5

U3
0.2 0.2 V4

Ro=0.15, r=0.5
U4
0.1 0.1

0 0

­0.1 ­0.1

­0.2
­0.2

­0.3  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ­0.3  
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T
t/T

Spin Down : Ro # 0.15

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

r = 0.65
Time series for different Run
0.6   0.5  
u/U0 V1
0.5 v/V0 U1
0.4
V2
U2
0.4
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.65

0.3 V3
U3
0.3
V4

Ro=0.15, r=0.65
0.2 U4
0.2

0.1
0.1

0 0

­0.1 ­0.1

­0.2  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ­0.2  
t/T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T

Spin Down : Ro # 0.15

 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

 r = 0.77
Time series for different Run
0.6   0.6  
u/U0 V1
0.5 v/V 0 0.5 U1
V2
U2
0.4 0.4
V3
Time Series Ro=0.15, r=0.77

U3
0.3 0.3 V4

Ro=0.15, r=0.77
U4
0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0

­0.1 ­0.1

­0.2  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ­0.2  
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
t/T
t/T

Spin Down : Ro # 0.15

 Radial velocity profile for azimuthal
velocity ( Ro # 0.15)

Radial velocity profile for U, Ro# 0.15 Radial velocity profile for U, Ro# 0.15
0   0.6  
t/T=2
t/T=5
­0.1 0.5
t/T=8
t/T=10
­0.2 0.4

­0.3 0.3

U/U0
U/U0

­0.4 0.2

­0.5 0.1

t/T=2
­0.6 t/T=5 0
t/T=8
t/T=10
­0.7   ­0.1  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

Spin Up Spin Down

 Radial velocity profile for radial velocity
( Ro # 0.15)
Radial velocity profile for V, Ro# 0.15
Radial velocity profile for V, Ro# 0.15
0.14  
0.08  
t/T=2
t/T=2
0.12 t/T=5 0.06 t/T=5
t/T=8
t/T=8
0.1 t/T=10 0.04
t/T=10

0.08 0.02

0
0.06
V/V0

V/V0
­0.02
0.04
­0.04
0.02
­0.06
0
­0.08
­0.02
­0.1

­0.04  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 ­0.12  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R
r/R

Spin Up Spin Down

 Radial velocity (U) from four runs :Spin Up
Radial velocity profiles for U at 2 rotations for four Runs Radial velocity profiles for U at 5 rotations for four Runs
   
0  Run 1:t/T=2 0
 Run 1:t/T=5
Run 2:t/T=2
Run 2:t/T=5
Run 3:t/T=2
­0.1 ­0.1 Run 3:t/T=5
Run 4:t/T=2
Run 4:t/T=5

­0.2 ­0.2
U/U0

­0.3

U/U0
­0.3

­0.4
­0.4

­0.5
­0.5

­0.6
­0.6    
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

 2 Rotation  5 Rotation
Radial velocity profiles for U at 8 rotations for four Runs Radial velocity profiles for U at 10 rotations for four Runs
   
0 0
 Run 1:t/T=8
Run 2:t/T=8
­0.1 Run 3:t/T=8 ­0.1
Run 4:t/T=8

­0.2 ­0.2  Run 1:t/T=10

Run 2:t/T=10
Run 3:t/T=10
­0.3 ­0.3
U/U0

U/U0 Run 4:t/T=10

­0.4 ­0.4

­0.5 ­0.5

­0.6 ­0.6
   
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

 10 
 8 Rotation Ro # 0.15 Rotation
Radial velocity (U) from four runs :Spin Down
Radial velocity profiles for U at 5 rotations for four Runs
Radial velocity profiles for U at 2 rotations for four Runs
0.6  
0.6  
 Run 1:t/T=5
 Run 1:t/T=2
0.5 Run 2:t/T=5
0.5 Run 2:t/T=2
Run 3:t/T=5
Run 3:t/T=2
0.4 Run 4:t/T=5
0.4 Run 4:t/T=2

0.3
0.3

U/U0
0.2
U/U0

0.2

0.1
0.1

0
0

­0.1
­0.1

­0.2  
­0.2   0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R
r/R

 2 Rotation  5 Rotation

Radial velocity profiles for U at 8 rotations for four Runs Radial velocity profiles for U at 10 rotations for four Runs
0.6   0.6  
 Run 1:t/T=8  Run 1:t/T=10
0.5 Run 2:t/T=8 0.5 Run 2:t/T=10
Run 3:t/T=8 Run 3:t/T=10
0.4 Run 4:t/T=8 0.4 Run 4:t/T=10

0.3 0.3
U/U0

0.2 U/U0 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0

­0.1 ­0.1

­0.2   ­0.2  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

 10 
 8 Rotation Ro # 0.15 Rotation
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time
( Ro # 0.4)
r =0.37
r =0.5
0.2  
V/U0 0.4  
V/U0
0 U/U0
0.2 U/U0
Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.37

­0.2 0

Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.5
­0.4 ­0.2

­0.6 ­0.4

­0.6
­0.8

­0.8
­1
­1
­1.2  
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ­1.2  
t/T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t/T

Spin Up
 Evolution of azimuthal velocity with time

r= 0.65
r= 0.77
0.4  
V/U0
0.4  
0.2 U/U0 V/U0
0.2
U/U0
0
Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.65

Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.65
­0.2
­0.2
­0.4
­0.4
­0.6
­0.6
­0.8
­0.8
­1
­1

­1.2  
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ­1.2  
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t/T
t/T

Spin Up ( Ro #0.4)
 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time
(Spin Down)
r = 0.37
r = 0.5
0.8  
V/U0
0.7 1.2  
U/U0 V/U0
0.6
1 U/U0
Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.37

0.5
0.8

Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.5
0.4

0.3 0.6

0.2
0.4
0.1

0 0.2

­0.1
0
­0.2  
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
t/T ­0.2  
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
t/T

Ro # 0.4
 Evolution of Azimuthal velocity with time

r = 0.65 r = 0.77
1   1  
V/U0 V/U0
0.8 U/U0 0.8 U/U0

Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.65
Time Series Ro=0.4, r=0.65

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2
0.2

0
0

­0.2
­0.2

­0.4  
­0.4   0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 t/T
t/T

Spin Down ( Ro #0.4)

 Radial velocity profile for azimuthal
velocity ( Ro # 0.4)

Radial velocity profile for U,Ro #0.4 Radial velocity profile for U,Ro #0.4
0.2   0.9  
t/T=2 t/T=2
t/T=5 0.8 t/T=5
0 t/T=8 t/T=8
t/T=10 0.7
t/T=10

­0.2 0.6

0.5
­0.4

U/U0
0.4
U/U0

­0.6 0.3

0.2
­0.8
0.1

­1
0

­1.2   ­0.1  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

Spin Up Spin Down

 Radial velocity profile for radial velocity
( Ro # 0.4)

Radial velocity profile for V,Ro #0.4 Radial velocity profile for V,Ro #0.4
0.3   0  
t/T=2 t/T=2
t/T=5 ­0.02 t/T=5
0.25 t/T=8
t/T=8
t/T=10 ­0.04 t/T=10
0.2
­0.06

0.15 ­0.08

V/U0
V/U0

­0.1
0.1

­0.12
0.05
­0.14

0 ­0.16

­0.05   ­0.18  
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
r/R r/R

Spin Up Spin Down

 Flow visualization

Spin Up: Ro # 0.4 ( Experiments with lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin Up: Ro # 0.4 ( Experiments without lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin Up: Ro # 0.15 ( Experiments with lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin Up: Ro #0.15 ( Experiments without lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin Down: Ro # 0.15 ( Experiments with lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin Down : Ro # 0.15 ( Experiments without lid)
 Flow visualization

Spin down: Ro # 0.4 ( Without lid) 
 Conclusion
• Flows in the shallow water spin up and spin down faster then the
flow in the deep water.
• There is a evidence of periodic flow blocking for spin up at high
Rossby number.
• High Rossby number can make the flow unstable in case of spin
up.
• Low Rossby number can make the flow unstable in case of spin
down ( centrifugal instability )
• Rossby number and flow direction along a slope has significant
impact along the flow.
Future work