CuanLlLaLlve MeLhods 2010

14
PypoLhesls 1esL lor
ulfference 8eLween roporLlons
evlew Cf
Cne Sample 1esL for roporLlons
CM 2010 1ranscend 2
evlew
SLeps ln 1esLlng for p
W PypoLhesls ls abouL populaLlon proporLlon p
W Sample glves us
W 1here ls a (sampllng) dlsLrlbuLlon for
W lLs mean ls p and lLs sLd dev ls
W lf you do you geL a sLd normal devlaLe z
W ?ou can compare LhaL acLual z agalnsL
approprlaLe zvalue z
Cl1
from sLd normal Lable
and accepL or re[ecL
W ?ou can do 2Lall or 1Lall LesLs as wlLh
CM 2010 1ranscend 3
p
p
n
pq
p
9
p
p p
9

evlew
Lxample Cf 1esLlng lor p
W lood CorporaLlon Cf lndla (lCl) neglecLed Lo
malnLaln one of lLs graln warehouses properly
and as a resulL when ralns came many sacks
were damaged Warehouse manager clalms
80 are undamaged lCl dlsLrlcL manager
commlssloned an lnqulry and ln a sample of
130 sacks only 70 were undamaged
W AL 3 level of slgnlflcance ls Lhe warehouse
manager's clalm [usLlfled?
CM 2010 1ranscend 4
Sec 86
evlew
SoluLlon Lo lCl roblem
W P
0
p 80
P
1
p 80 slnce dlsLrlcL manager ls
lnLeresLed ln boLh over and under
W We are glven 07 and so 03 n 130
W SLd error of
W 1hen
W lrom normal Lables z
Cl1
196
W So re[ecL Lhe null hypoLhesls
CM 2010 1ranscend 3
p
q
03266 . 0
150
) 2 . 0 ( 8 . 0

n
pq
p
0619 . 3
03266 . 0
8 . 0 7 . 0

p
p p
:
9
1esL lor
ulfference 8eLween roporLlons
CM 2010 1ranscend 6
MoLlvaLlon
W flzer ls LesLlng 2 compounds lallclne and
MonocyphaLe for reduclng cholesLerol lallclne
was glven Lo 100 rablLs and 71 showed reduced
cholesLerol MonocyphaLe was glven Lo 90 oLher
rablLs and 38 showed reduced cholesLerol
opulaLlon sLandard devlaLlons are known Lo be
ldenLlcal
W flzer wanLs Lo know aL 3 level of slgnlflcance
wheLher Lhere ls a dlfference beLween Lhe
effecLlveness of Lhe 2 compounds?
CM 2010 1ranscend 7
SoluLlon 1o flzer roblem
W P
0
p
1
p
2
where 1 ls lallclne and 2 ls MonocyphaLe
P
1
p
1
p
2
W We are glven
W Slnce np and nq are all 3 we can use normal Lable
W lor 3 LwoLall LesL z
CrlL
196
W now we musL geL z
AcLual
and compare
CM 2010 1ranscend 8
100 , 29 . 0 , 71 . 0
1 1 1
n q p
90 , 356 . 0 , 644 . 0
2 2 2
n q p
SoluLlon 1o flzer roblem
W ecall
W Slnce we don'L know populaLlon values we
could use sample values
W 8uL slnce populaLlon sLd dev are ldenLlcal (lLs
glven) beLLer Lo use welghLed average of Lhe
Lwo
CM 2010 1ranscend 9
2
2 2
1
1 1
2
2
2
1
2 1
n
q p
n
q p
p p

9 9 9
2
2 2
1
1 1
2 1
n
q p
n
q p
s
p p

6789 . 0
90 100
) 644 . 0 )( 90 ( ) 71 . 0 )( 100 (
2 1
2 2 1 1

n n
p n p n
p
SoluLlon 1o flzer roblem
W 1hen becomes
00678
W now our
W Slnce z
AcLual
falls beLween z
CrlL
we accepL null
hypoLhesls and declare Lhere ls no dlfference
beLween Lhe Lwo compounds

CM 2010 1ranscend 10
2
2 2
1
1 1
2 1
n
q p
n
q p
s
p p

90
) 3211 . 0 )( 6789 . 0 (
100
) 3211 . 0 )( 6789 . 0 (
2 1

p p
s
973 . 0
0678 . 0
0 ) 644 . 0 71 . 0 ( ) ( ) (
2 1
2 1 2 1

p p
Actual
s
p p p p
:
Lnd Cf Sesslon
Pypo 1esLlng
ulfference 8eLween roporLlons
CM 2010 1ranscend 11