Seminar by:

BHARATH.S MAHAVEER JAYANTH.N.R MOHAN.B PAVAN.M 1MV03CS016 1MV03CS028 1MV04CS401 1MV04CS403

CONTENTS
Introduction Evolution of consumer optical discs Key characteristics Physical format How does the blu-ray work? Comparison with other discs. Applications Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this presentation is limited to understanding the characteristics of blu-ray discs, format of the blu-ray discs, the disc-structure and recording and playback technologies, comparisons with DVDs and HD-DVDs and its applications among other things.

Why the name blu-ray disc?

EVOLUTION OF CONSUMER OPTICAL DISCS CDs in 1980s

DVDs in 1990s HD-DVDs in 2003 Blu-ray discs in

EVOLUTION OF CONSUMER OPTICAL DISCS (contd)

KEY CHARACTERSTICS
Broadest Industry Support
Supported by leading hardware manufactures such as Dell, HP, Hitachi, LG, Sony, Samsung, and many others

Lifespan
10 15 years

Cost
Production costs are within 10% less than DVD production cost

KEY CHARACTERSTICS Capacity

(Cont)

27GB for single layer Blu-ray disc

54GB for double layer Blu-ray disc

Content protection
Provides some of the strongest copy protection schemes ever

Robustness of disc
Because of the hard coating for Blu-ray disc, the discs offer much stronger resistance to scratches and finger prints

PHYSICAL FORMAT
Basic Parameters The Blu-ray Disc system has the following three basic parameters:
Laser wavelength : 405 nm Objective-lens numerical aperture (NA): 0.85 Cover thickness : 0.1 mm

The capacity, which is in inverse proportion to the square of spot size, can be expressed as follows:
Capacity ( NA / )2

Capacity vs. Wavelength and NA

The capacity of DVD with 650 nm wavelength and 0.6 NA can be increased 2.5 times by decreasing the wavelength to 405 nm, and can be doubled by increasing the NA to 0.85.

 The structure of dual layer disc

Here, L1 is defined by the L0 plane sandwiched around a 25 m thick buffer layer, and the thickness of the cover layer L1 is around 75 m. This policy is still unchanged today, and the basic thickness of a Blu-ray layer is 100 m, a thickness that will be kept if multi-layer is adopted.

The track format of Blu-ray Disc is groove-recording, i.e., recording data only on groove tracks. For the groove recording method, lands are sandwiched between adjacent grooves to block heat transfer between the grooves, preventing signal quality deterioration due to the influence of data recording in adjacent groove tracks with a narrow track pitch. The track pitch between grooves in Blu-ray Disc is 0.32 m.

HOW DOES BLU-RAY WORK?

HOW DOES BLU-RAY WORK?(Contd.)

Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges.
A laser reads the other side of these pits the bumps to play the movie or program that is stored on the DVD. Blu-ray uses a blue laser (which is where the format gets its name). A blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers).

HOW DOES BLU-RAY WORK?(Contd.)

The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (m) (1 micron = 10-6 meters) long this is more than twice as small as the pits on a DVD. Blu ray has reduced the track pitch to 0.32 microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a single Blu ray disc to hold more than 25GB of information

HOW DOES BLU-RAY WORK?(Contd.)

In a DVD, the data is sandwiched between two polycarbonate layers, each 0.6-mm thick. Having a polycarbonate layer on top of the data can cause a problem called birefringence, in which the substrate layer refracts the laser light into two separate beams. If the beam is split too widely, the disc cannot be read. Also, if the DVD surface is not exactly flat, and is therefore not exactly perpendicular to the beam, it can lead to a problem known as disc tilt, in which the laser beam is distorted.

Blu-ray Disc Vs CD & DVD

Blu-ray Disc Vs CD & DVD

Blu-ray Disc Vs CD & DVD

Due to the fact that the data layer on a Blu-ray Disc is placed much "closer" to the laser lens than in DVD (or even the HD-DVD proposal), there is less distortion resulting in significantly improved tolerances. More precision and ultra high storage densities are made possible. As a result of Blu-ray Disc being manufactured as a single substrate, the manufacturing process does not involve the bonding of two substrates, resulting in less production material, a shorter production time and hence lower production costs per disc.

Blu-ray Disc Vs CD & DVD

APPLICATIONS
High Definition Television Recording
The Blu-ray disc format offers consumers the ablility to record their high definition television broadcast in their original quality, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster.

High Definition Video Distribution

Depending on the encoding method, there is room for more than 7 hours of the highest HD quality video. There is even room for additional content such as special features and other bonus material to accompany the high definition movie

High Definition Camcorder Archiving

The Blu-ray disc format, with its unprecedented storage capacity, allows for HD video recorded with an HD camcorder to be converted and recorded on a Blu-ray disc. Furthermore, the disc can be safely stored for many years, without the tape wears

APPLICATIONS
Mass Data Storage
The Blu-ray disc format offers 5 to 10 times as much capacity as traditional DVD resulting in 25 to 50GB of data to be stored on a single rewritable disc. As Blu-ray disc uses the same form factor as CD and DVD, this allows for Blu-ray disc drives that can still read and write to CD and DVD media as well.

Digital Asset Management and Professional Storage

Due to its high capacity, low cost per GB and extremely versatile ways of transferring data from one device to another, the format is optimized for Digital Asset Management and Professional applications that require vast amounts of storage space.

CONCLUSION
In 1997, a new technology emerged that
brought digital sound and video into homes all

over the world. It was called DVD.

The industry is set for yet another

revolution with the introduction of Blu-ray Discs (BD). With their high storage capacity, Blu-ray discs can hold and playback large quantities of high-definition video and audio, as well as photos, data and other digital content.