The basic idea of fIoor sIabs,

appIications, and
innovations
Group 23
Cb100019
Cb100009
$C FLOOR $L$ ODERN FLOOR $L$
FLT PLTE - DEFNTON
-RULE OF THUMB
- ARCHTECTURAL
APPLCATON:
1111 LNCOLN ROAD
FLT $L - DEFNTON
-- RULE OF THUMB
ONE W - DEFNTON
FLOOR $L RULE OF THUMB
- ARCHTECTURAL
APPLCATON:
URBAN FOREST
TWO W - DEFNTON
$L ND - RULE OF THUMB
E - ARCHTECTURAL
APPLCATON:
PA TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY
OLLOW CORE - ARCHTECTURAL
FLOOR $$TE APPLCATON:
1) THE MC ARTHUR
CENTRE MALL
2) BROCK
UNVERSTY
PLAZA
BULDNG
FLAT PLATE
Definition: a flat plate is a concrete sIab uniform thickness
reinforced in two or more directions and
$upported directIy by coIumns without beams or
girders.
Function : for Iight Iive to moderate Ioads or relatively
short span of 3600 to 7000 mm
System : slab without beams or girders
Rule of : slab depth = span / 33
thumb
ithout drop panels
ithout beams
Tensile
reinforcement
column
Shear at column locations
Governs the thickness of
A flat plate
Punching shear is the potentially
High shearing stress developed by
The reactive force of a column
Architectural application:
1111 LincoIn Road by erzog & de euron
FLAT SLAB
Definition : a flat slab is a fIat pIate thickened at its
coIumn supports to increase its shear strength
and moment-resisting capacity.
Function : for relatively heavy Ioads and spans from 6000
to 12000 mm.
System : involved drop paneI or coIumn capitaI
Rule of : slab depth = span / 36
thumb
Minimum width of
Drop panel: 0.33 span
Minimum projection of
Drop panel: 0.25 x slab thickness
Tensile reinforcement
Column capital may be
Used in place of or in
Conjunction with a drop
Panel for increase shear
resistance
ONE-W FLOOR $L
DEFNTON: A ONE-AY SLAB S UNFORMLY THCK,
RENFORCED N ONE DRECTON, and cast
integrally with parallel supporting beams.
Function : suitable for Iight to moderate loads over
relatively short spans of 1830 to 5490 mm.
System : slab is supported on two sides by beams or
Ioad bearing waIIs; beams, in turn may be
supported by girders or coIumns.
Rule of : floor slab= span / 30
Thumb roof slab = span / 36
Tensile reinforcement
Shrinkage and temperature
Reinforcement perpendicular to
Main tensile reinforcement
Load is distributed in
One direction
Architectural application:
88 wood street
Urban Forest
Location: Chongqing, China
TypoIogy: Commercial, Office, Hotel
$ite rea: 7,700 sqm
uiIding rea: 216,000 sqm
uiIding eight: 385 m
number of fIoors: over 70 floors
rchitecturaI Design: MAD Ltd
$tructuraI Design: ARUP Group Ltd
Structural system properties
core
8m structure
Iine
6m maximum
$tructure boundary
ConventionaI
structure
fIoor pIates
dditionaI
structure
FIoor pIate which
Using one way sIab
VerticaI
Ioad
orizontaI
Ioad
dditionaI
$tructure
To support the
cantiIever
How the system affect the building
form
The shape of the architecture
mimics mountain range,
shifting in a dynamic and
yet hoIistic rhythm,
and becomes a
continuation of nature
how the system affects building
planning and space layout
open office pIan DupIex office pIan
special effect
CaIcuIation of
reas beyond
aximum cantiIever
aIIowed
$hading device
open to beIow
oIe inside fIoor pIate.
Edge remains in position
RepIacement of fIoor pIate
Edge by Iight, easy to buiId,
nexpensive device
Open to beIow
condition
etaIIic shading
Device in position
DoubIe height garden
With 5-7m tree
etaIIic shading
Device with Iow
vegetation
TO-AY SLAB and beam
Definition: a two-way slab of uniform thickness may be
reinforced in two directions and cast integrally
with supporting beams and coIumns on aII four
sides of square or nearly square bays.
Function :effective for medium spans and heavy Ioads.
System :may be supported by beams or just constructed as
flat slabs and plats without beams.
Rule of :slab depth= sIab perimeter / 180
thumb
To simplify the placement of reinforcing
Steel, two-way slabs are divided into column
And middle strips, within which moments
Per foot are assumed to be constant
Tensile reinforcement
Load is distributed in two directions
Continuous slab, extending as a
Structural unit over three or more
Supports is subject to lower bending
Moments than a series of simply
Supported slabs
Architectural application:
pa technology laboratory
lnnCvA1lCnS an lmprovemenL
CCMCSl1L lloor SysLem
8LS18LSSLu PCLLCWCC8L LAnk SysLem
Case sLudles
1 1he McArLhur CenLre Mall norfolk
no||ow core f|oor system foundat|on for unstab|e so|| cond|t|on
2 8rock unlverslLy laza 8ulldlng
SL CaLharlnes CnLarlo
Advantage of ho||ow core f|oor system
|nter|or + serv|ces + pass|ve coo|]heat
ComposlLe lloor sysLem
W A mlx use of Lwo or more bulldlng
maLerlalslnLo one producL (floorlng sysLem)
W Modern Lechnlques CCNCkL1L + S1LLL
8LNLII1S?
55 LIILC1IVLgauge meLal deck +
less concreLe + sLrucLural beam
LAS CCNS1kUC1 moblle crane
W Lransfer raLe hlgher Lhan ln slLu casL slab
W no need Lower crane ln hardLoreach space
Conslderably llghLer + Lhlnner slab Lhan
convenLlonal flaL slab
,INI,AL ] NC formwork + shor|ng compared Lo
convenLlonal flaL slab approach
IAS1Lk WCkkING SLULNCLS afLer 7 days sLrengLh
foundaLlon (concreLe poured) beams meLal deck can
already be erecLed puL ln place
ConcreLe + wlre mesh wlll be on Lhe nexL day
8eneflLs of 6 Compos|te
Act|on |n Structura| ,embers
kIGID ICINING
1he resu|t|ng system
stronger than the sum
of |ts parts
8L11Lk U1ILI2A1ICN
CI LACn kCLk1ILS
ln sLeelconcreLe
composlLe beams
concreLe
CCM8LSSlCn
sLeel
1LnSlCn
Pave long been
recognlzed ,CS1
LCCNC,ICAL
S1kUC1UkAL SS1L,
Mu/tistorey stee/
bui/dinqs
5tee/ bridqes
,ASS+S1IIINLSS
reduce def|ect|ons
v|brat|ons of Lhe
floor sysLem
provlde Lhe requlred
f|re protect|on
lnLerlor heat contro|
1he supporLlng
sysLem below
S1LLL super|or
sLrengLh + welghL
sLlffness +welghL
raLlo
ease of handllng
rapld consLrucLlon
cycles
S1LLL+CCNCkL1L
for beLLer ut|||ze of
strength and
st|ffness
1hlckness WelghL
CasLlnplace solld flaL slab vs
ComposlLe slab sysLem
resLressed Pollowcore slab sysLem
(prefab/modular)
W re sLressed sysLem
allow m|n|mum bend
W re compresslon effecL
allow h|gher heatres|stant Lhan convenLlonal slab
W Pollowcore
m|n|m|ze |nd|v|dua| |oad ||ghter |oad to structure + reduct|on of
d|mens|on from foundat|on ( 2949 llghLer Lhan convenLlonal flaL slab)
W W|der area coverage span (horlzonLally)
W keduced PvAC machlnery ducLlng (servlces) saves 30 on equlpmenL cosLs
use therma| mass and ho||ow cores of concrete slabs for n|ght pre coo||ng
pre heat|ng
W 8elease sLored heaL/coollng Lo mlnlmlze peak load demand
ulsplace energy consumpLlon Lo offpeak elecLrlclLy raLes
Lnergy consumpLlon savlngs of 3030 ln hoL and cold cllmaLes
ManufacLurer's uLSlCn
ueslgned sLrucLural
casLellaLed beam
+
prefab modular hollow core planks
ulagram showlng
flexlblllLles
8LnLll1S of
8LCAS1
PCLLCW CC8L
LAnk??
nl6nLY
5u514lN48L
cON51kuc1lON
8educes carbon foo
LprlnL ln bulldlng
consLrucLlon and no
need Lo dlg badsoll
cL4k 5P4N uP
1O 45 l1
lor opLlmal
lnLerlor deslgn
flexlblllLy
lNck455
cON51kuc1lON
5Pu
LrecLlon noL
dependenL of
concreLe curlng due
Lo Lhe use of precasL
componenLs
GCCD
CCNS1kUC1ICN
SLULNCLS
allowed mechanlcal
work ln crawl space
whlle Lhe oLher
floors belng
erecLed+golng up
NO 5nOklN6
kulku
recambered
beams avold
shorlng and
formwork durlng
consLrucLlon
Pkc451 5LlM
lLOOk u5l6N
(8) maxlmlzlng
verLlcal space
Case sLudy 1
1he McArLhur CenLre
Mallnorfolk
no||ow core f|oor system
foundat|on for unstab|e
so|| cond|t|on
lnLro Less expense fasLer
W laced extreme vo|at||e so|| cond|t|on cosLly lf use slabongrade
foundaLlon
W So Lhe pro[ecL Leam declded Lo use 73 prefab hollow core plank sysLem
for foundaLlon and bulldlng floors
W No need to d|g out badso|| Lruckloads of expenslve backfllls
W Lase the construct|on 8 days 60 4days anoLher 40 4 days
W Lasy f|oor erect|ng process prefab floor plank + sLeel sLrucLural sysLem
Supplled by CaLe ConcreLe producLs Company of Cxford nC
ueLalls
W 8lnch Lhlck
W 2hour flre raLed over crawl space averaged aL 4 feeL helghL
W Lopped wlLh 2/3 lnches of Lopplng allowed 130 pounds of loads per
square fooL (Lo allow any heavy machlnery ln mall)
W p|eces most of them feet |ong sq ft foundat|on
ConsLrucLlon process 8eneflLs
W very qulck and easy
consLrucLlon ( need a good
slLe coordlnaLlon)
W 60 floor slab assembled ln
[usL 4 days
W 8emalnlng 40 of
foundaLlons also ln 4 days
W llnlshed floors ls a casLlng
bed for LllL walls pourlng Lhe
walls on Lhe slabLllL Lhem up
ellmlnaLe need of separaLe
casLlng bed
W ConsLrucLlon slLe
Lhe foundaLlon
W See Lhe workers on
placed beam Lhe
1plle cap
8ecLangular precasL beams
use ln mosL of Lhe malls underplnnlng
some use 1beams Lo creaLe lower proflle afLer
Lopplng applled
Lopplng depLh 24 lnches Lhen layer of flnlshes
SLrucLural sLeel ( column) + placed
plank + posslble wall secLlon LAS?
CCnS18uC1lCn
W lnLegrlLy of Lhe
flnlshed floor
no
vlbraLlon/move
menL when
people walk
across a
suspended
floor aLLesLs Lo
lLs sLrengLh
sLablllLy
Case SLudy ll
8rock Un|vers|ty |aza 8u||d|ng
St Cathar|nes Cntar|o
|nter|or + serv|ces + pass|ve heat]coo|
8eference 8ulldlng a beLLer 8rock by 8uarl McCalllon
W Arch|tects Mackay Lyons SweeLapple ArchlLecLs ln
assoclaLlon wlLh 8ounLhwalLe ulck Padley
ArchlLecLs
W Contractor MerlL ConLracLors nlagara
W Structura| Lng|neer Palsall Lnglneerlng ConsulLanLs
W ,echan|ca| Lng|neer aln Lnglneerlng
W 1herma| Storage]Lnergy Consu|tant 1ermo8ulld
Canada
W LLLD Consu|tant Lnermodal Lnglneerlng LLd
W recaster Coreslab SLrucLures (Cn1) lnc
recast no||owCore S|abs used as Lhe f|oor and roof system
supporLed on a sLrucLural sLeel frame
1he 62000 Sl of 48 ln wlde 10 ln deep hollow core slabs were |eft exposed
celllngs s|mp|y pa|nted save mater|a| use
rovlded an |mmed|ate work|ng surface for trades on s|te (new bulldlng)
and a two hour f|re separat|on ln Lhe flnlshed bulldlng
1he |nter|or
ce|||ngs have neat
character surface
whlch serves Lhe needs
for effect|ve
c|ean |nter|or
1he 1nLk,AL ,ASS of Lhe slabs
Lo store heat and co|d
reduce he overall s|ze of heat|ng and a|r
cond|t|on|ng systems
1he CCkLS of Lhe slabs
as a|r supp|y ln Lhe venLllaLlng sysLem
form rad|ant pane|s uslng Lhe concreLe's
Lhermal sLorage properLles
reduced quant|ty of bu||d|ng mater|a|s Lo
do Lhe same [ob beLLer
reduces the carbon footpr|nt ln boLh Lhe
consLrucLlon and demollLlon of bulldlngs
W IAN ASSIS1LD VLN1 SS1L,
LreaLed fresh a|r Lhrough a serles of
ma|n ducts |nto branch ducts formed
wlLhln Lhe hollow core celllng and
floors slabs
W As a|r passes along Lhe ducts the
concrete warms ] coo|s the fresh
a|r before supplylng lL Lo Lhe
occupled space
W 1homas SalnLlvany assoclaLe vlcepresldenL faclllLles
managemenL sald 1he 1ermo8ulld concreLe floor
deck acLs as a heat s|nk It reta|ns heat |n the
w|nter and he|ps us coo| the bu||d|ng |n
summer"
W W|nter surplus heaL generaLed from body heaL
llghLlng compuLers sun radlaLlon eLc reLalned
overnlghL Lo malnLaln comforLable lnLernal condlLlons
for Lhe occupanLs Lhe nexL day lncreaslng Lhelr
LemperaLure by 23C durlng Lhe day
W Summer excess heaL ls dlsslpaLed by coollng Lhe slabs
wlLh cool nlghL alr
S?n1PLSlS
PCW 1PLSL 1LCPnCLCClLS 8LnLll1S Cu8 uLSlCn?
W Colng modular? ?es! Space plannlng should be
easy uslng speclflc plank slze for speclflc area an
approach Lo deLermlne space slze/LabulaLlon uslng
floor unlL parameLrlc
W Colng CanLllevered? LlghLwelghL? Why noLhollow
secLlon allow longer deeper span reduce welghL
+ mulLlLasklng some more!
W AesLheLlc + luncLlon? MlnlmallsL? Less ls more?
no celllng panel an exposed plank + palnLed wlll be a
cosLeffecLlve celllng flnlshes
Modular
AesLheLlc
END OF talk..
ork..work..