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FOURTH GENERATION 4G

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Cellular wireless standards

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What is 4G ??

4G = fourth genration / B3G -Beyond 3rd Generation (UMTS, IMT-2000) mobile communications 4G = successor of the 3G and 2G standards 4G - Next level of evolution in the field of wireless communications. 4G -MAGIC Mobile multimedia , Anytime/anywhere Global mobility

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History of 4G technology

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Features

4G will have all standards from 2G and 3G implemented. Infrastructure will be packet-based(all-IP) Open internet platform. Technologies include Flash-OFDM,the 802.16e mobile version of Wimax and HC-SDMA. Higher speed.

Difference between 3G & 4G


Major 3G requirement driving architecture Speeds Bandwidth Component Design 4G

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384 Kbps - 2Mbps 20 - 100 Mbps 5-20 MHz 100 MHz

Optimized antenna Smarter design Antennas, Software

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Objectives

A spectrally efficient system(in bits/s/Hz and bits/ s/Hz/site). High network capacity:more simultaneous users per cell A data rate of atleast 100 Mbits/s between any two points in the world. Smooth hand off across heterogeneous networks. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks.

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Components used in 4G

Smart antennas. Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)systems. Space-time coding. Dynamic Packet Assignment. Wideband OFDM. UWB. IPv6.

4G - MIMO

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MIMO (BLAST & space-time coding) techniques increase bit rate and/or quality on a link by creating multiple channels and/or enhancing diversity. Switched/steered beam antennas for base stations and interference suppression/adaptive antennas for terminals reduce interference, increasing system capacity

4G - OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division 5/1/12 Multiplexing OFDM is being increasingly used


in high speed information transmission systems:

European HDTV Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)

OFDM characteristic

High peak-to-average power levels IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier Frequency diversity Robust against narrow-band interference Efficient for simulcasting Variable/dynamic bandwidth Used for highest speed applications Supports dynamic packet access

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UWB(ultra wide band)


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An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.

It is typically detected as noise.

It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .

It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz.

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IPv6

IPv6 means

Internet Protocol

QOS(quality of service)

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In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability.

4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%.

In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-

Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.

Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .

Software defined ratio(SDR)


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A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required. Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but with a software defined radio, users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.

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Advantages

MAGIC Interactive multimedia services Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates Global mobility and service portability Scalability of mobile network Entirely packed-switched elements Digital network elements Higher band widths to provide multimedia

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Limitations

Cost. Equipment required is expensive. Network architecture. Hard to implement.

Application
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In traffic control. Tele-Geoprocessing and Virtual Navigation. Telemedicine. In crisis management application. Sensors on Public Vehicles.

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Conclusion
The development in day-to-day communication after 3G is not just an 4G EVOLUTION,its a REVOLUTION.

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Queries ??

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