Laser Based Intruder Alarm

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Block diagram

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Transmitter circuit

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Receiver circuit

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The receiver circuit is basically a current-to-voltage converter built around IC LM356 (IC3). The output of IC3 is fed to the monostable built around 555 timer (IC4). The high output of the monostable drives the piezo buzzer to sound an audio alarm. The receiver section operates off 5V DC generated from another 9V battery and voltage regulator IC 7805 (IC2). The battery Click to edit Master subtitle style (Batt.2) is connected to the circuit through switch S2. When the laser light transmitted through LD1 falls on phototransistor T1, the output of the op-amp (IC3) at its pin 6 remains high. In this condition, the output of IC4 remains low and the buzzer does not sound.
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When the laser beam falling on phototransistor T1 is interrupted by someone, the output of op-amp IC3 goes low and IC3 produces a pulse. This pulse triggers monostable IC4 and its output goes high to sound the alarm for a time period of about R8xC8.

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IC7805
The78xx(sometimesLM78xx) is a family of self contained fixedlinear voltage regulator integrated circuits Click to edit Master subtitle style

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For ICs within the family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt )

The 78xx line are positive voltage regulators:

Pin No 1 2 3 Function Input voltage (5V-18V) Ground (0V) Regulated output; 5V (4.8V5.2V) Name Input Ground Output

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FEATURES:
Output Current up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Thermal Overload Protection Short Circuit Protection Output Transistor Safe Operating Area ProtectionDescription

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ADVANTAGES :

DISADVANTAGES:
The

78xx series ICs do not require additional components to provide a constant, regulated source of power, making them easy to use, as well as economical and efficient uses of space 78xx series ICs

input voltage must always be higher than the output voltage by some minimum amount (typically 2 volts As they are based on alinear regulatordesign, the input current required is always 5/3/12 the same as the

Op-amp LM356
The LM356 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. the gain is internally set to 20, but by Click to edit of a resistor and the additionMaster subtitle style a capacitor between the pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain up to 200 based upon the resistance and capacitance values. The quiescent power drain is just

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Two pins 1 and 8 provided for gain control. These pins open the 1.35ohms internal resistor which sets the gain to 20. when a capacitor is added in between the pins 1 & 8 which sets the gain to 200. if a resistor is added in Click to edit Master subtitle style the capacitor the series to gain varies between 20 & 200. addition of external components in parallel to the internal components is done to tailor the gain and frequency response.
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Features
Battery operation Minimum external parts Wide supply voltage range: 4V12V or 5V18V Low quiescent current drain: 4mA Voltage gains from 20 to 200 Click to edit Master subtitle style Ground referenced input Self-centering output quiescent voltage Low distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6V, RL = 8W, PO =125mW, f = 1kHz) Available in 8 pin MSOP package

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555 timer
DESCRIPTION TheNE555monolithic timing circuit is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays Click to edit Master subtitle style or oscillation. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For a stable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and the duty cycle are both accurately controlled with two external resistors 5/3/12

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Working of IC 555 timer

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APPLICATION INFORMATION
MONOSTABLEOPERATION
In the monostable mode, the timer functions as a one-shot . Referring to the external capacitor is initially held discharged by a transistor inside the timer. The circuit triggers on a negative-going input signal when the level reaches1/3 Vcc. Once triggered, the circuit remains in this state until the set time has elapsed, even if it is triggered again during this interval. The duration of the output HIGH state is given by t = 1.1 R1C1 and is easily determined Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Since the charge rate and the threshold level of the comparator are both directly proportional to
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Features: Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 Timing from microseconds through hours Operates in both astable and monostable modes Adjustable duty cycle Output can source or sink 200 mA Output and supply TTL compatible Temperature stability better than 0.005% per C

Applications:
Precision timing Pulse generation Sequential timing Time delay generation Pulse width modulation Pulse position modulation Linear ramp generator

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Piezo buzzer
The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor Click to edit other. This, push style and pull on the Master subtitle and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.

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The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other. This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz. Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Usage of LBIA
You can use this laser-based intruder alarm conveniently at the entrance of a hall or any other similar location to protect the same from unauthorized access as and when desired. Its range can be extended further to protect the perimeter of a building from un-authorized intrusion by using a cascade arrangement of multiple alarms. Click to edit Master subtitle style

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