Gametogenesis

DR. Amany El-Agawany Ass. Prof. of Anatomy

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Male Reproductive System

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Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5/4/12
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Male Reproductive System

Testes: Seminiferous

tubules:

Contain 2 types of cell: spermatogonia and Sertoli cells.

InterstLeydig

Insert fig. 20.12

cells:

Present in

between the seminifrous tubules.

Overview of Gross Anatomy of Male Reproductive System: Testis

Male sex gland, Located in the Scrotum. Produce Sperm and Androgens. Have also the interstitial cells (leydeg cells) that produce male sex

hormone (testosterone)

Seminiferous tubules is the structural unit of testes., it have the

developmental phases of sperms in addition to Sertoli cells.

Epididymis
Sperm Storage Complete of sperm maturation.

Vas Deferens Duct that transports the Sperm from the Scrotum to the

Prostate Gland Seminal Vessicle Secrets Fluid, rich in Fructose, to Semen

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 Prostate Gland (Ejaculatory Duct)

Contributes Milky Alkaline Fluid that assists

Sperm Activation.
Urethra (Penis)

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Female reproductive system

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Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Female Genital System

The Ovary: female sex gland, produce ova. The Uterus: in which the fetus develop.

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Gametogenesis
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Spermatogenesis
Aim. Formation of sperms

with haploid number of chromosomes 23X or 23Y . tubules of the testis death .

Site. In the seminiferous Duration. From puberty till

Steps;

1- proliferation:
Means increase in the

number of the cells.

Spermatogonia which have

diploid number of chromosomes 46XY, divided

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1 6

Cell division continues by mitosis, so all the cells will contain 46 chromosomes

early embryo
46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46

46 46 46 46 46 46

46 46 46 46

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2-Growth: The daughter spermatogonia enlarge in size only forming primary spermatocytes . 3-Maturation: a- The primary spermatocytes divides by meiosis into two secondary spermatocytes ( haploid =23X or 23Y). b- The secondary spermatocytes divides by 2nd meiosis into two

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4-Transformation: spermiogenesis:
Nucleus = head. Golgi = acrosamal cap. Centeriols = axial

filament. sheath.

Mitochonderia = helical

The sperms undergo

maturation in the epididymis, then stored in the ampulla of vas defferens. If not ejaculated, they die and become absorbed.

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The sperm.
Total length=60 Formed of: 1- head: contains the a- nucleus with

haploid number of chromosomes which carry the genetic characters. b. Acrosomal cap. Secretes enzymes which facilitate penetration of the ovum. 2- neck. 3- body or meddle piece. Contain mitochondrial sheath which produce energy for motility. 5/4/12 4- Tail .

O0genesis
Aim: formation of ovum ( single large and haploid) Site: in the ovary . Each ovary produce one ovum

every 2 month.

Duration :from puberty till menopause. Steps: v I. Two prenatal stages. Occur in intra uterine life .

A- proliferation
Oogonia with diploid number of chromosomes 46XX divided by mitosis giving daughter oogonia.
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B-Growth.
The daughter oogonia enlarge forming

primary oocytes . Each primary oocyte become surrounded by follicular cells forming a primordial follicle, further changes are arrested till puberty by meiosis inhibitory factor(MIF) secreted by follicular cells. occur which is maturation .

v II- After puberty. the third stage of oogenesis

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C- Maturation :occur once per month

5-15 primordial follicles begins to grow , one only continues maturation and the rest degenerate forming atretic follicles.

1- first maturation division

the 1ry oocyte divided by meiosis giving 2ry oocyte and first polar body .
2- second maturation division , occur after

ovulation , and only if fertilization occur.

the 2ry oocyte divided by 2nd meiosis into mature

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ovum and second polar body which extruded to the perivitelline space and degenrate.

N.B: one primary oocyte gives rise to one mature

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At
puberty

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Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

46 sperm mother cell

23 23 2 3 23

sperms produced by meiosis

1 5

fertilization

zygote 46

ovum mother cell 46

23

2 3

2 3

ova produced by meiosis but only one develops to maturity 5/4/12

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