Chapter # 1

Information System Prepared by: SAROSH ANSAR

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Data & Information

DATA Collection of facts and figures

Representation of information Numeric Alphabetic Alphanumeric

INFORMATION Processed and meaningful form of data is information Reprocessed data to get more results

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Data Examples

A set of names and addresses written on students admission form A telephone conversation converted to electrical signals to be sent down the wires A song written in sheet music so that it can be played

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Information Processing

Is the organization, manipulation and distribution of information

Example:
The sorted data for those students in admission form which have taken computer subject. Listening the songs Reading a map from one place to other What does the number 29061996 mean? Is it:

A birthday? (29th June 1996) A bank account number? A club membership number? A telephone number?

Without processing or more information this data is meaningless.

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Data Processing
Process

Input

Output

Data Collection
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Processing
Processing has various operations Calculation Analysis Comparison Manipulation

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The three stages of doing tasks

Input

Process

Output

Data is put into the information system. (INPUT)

The data is processed. (PROCESS)

Information comes out of the information system. (OUTPUT)

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Manual information systems

We are all used to using manual information systems. An example of a manual information system is a telephone directory.

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Manual information systems

All we need to know to find a persons telephone number in the telephone book is their name and address. (INPUT) We look up the name and the address (PROCESS), and we find their telephone number. (OUTPUT)

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Manual information systems

Input

Process

Output

Have the name and address. (INPUT)

Look up the name and address. (PROCESS) Find the telephone number. (OUTPUT)

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Computerised information systems

Computerised information systems have several advantages over manual information systems. These include:

Greater flexibility Speed

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Examples of computerised information systems

DVLA Driver Vehicle Licensing Authority The DVLA has a computerised database about every driver and vehicle in the UK. This database can be used to find information about a vehicle or driver even if the data is incomplete.

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Advantages of computerised information systems

A single computer can store all the information needed. By using several terminals different people can access information at the same time. Information is not duplicated. Information can be transferred to other computer systems easily.
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Encoding
To convert information or data into a form ready for processing Example: Information about products is encoded into bar codes which are then printed on products labels.

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Decoding

To convert data back to a form where it can be understood. Example: On a school data file, the names of the teachers are stored .

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Data Collection

Bringing together all the data for an application and getting it ready for processing. In schools there is a admission form that filled completely and send admin back . Their details are typed into a computer via a keyboard.

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Data Capture

Means obtaining data for a Computer Term is used in situations where a computer peripheral inputs the data automatically. Example: In examination candidate does a multiple choice test by making a card with pencil in right places. The card is read by a mark sensing device.
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Information Technology

Uses Computing with high speed communication links to spread information from one place to other. All types of equipment or programs that are used in processing information World has become a global village Information can be communicated in any shape such as Photographs Movies Text Digital diagrams
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