Radhasoami

Biodiesel:
A Step Towards self Reliance

Pushpendra Kumar Abhishek Mehra B.Tech. Part-III Mech. Engg., IT-BHU

 "The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum and coal tar products of the present time." -- Rudolph Diesel, 1912

Rudolf Diesel used peanut oil to run the first ever diesel engine.
(1858-1913)

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Why Search For An Alternative Fuel??

Two Major Issues.. Rate of oil Consumption..

Environmental Pollution

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

1) Rate Of Oil Consumption

Peak Coincides With 50% Oil Depletion And Is YR2000 Oil Demand Increasing 2%YR. Production Decreasing 8%YR By year2010 we require additional 50 million barrels per day
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

2) Environmental Pollution

The above "Keeling Curve" shows the increase in total concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from 1957.

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Our Vision

A Sustainable Future Without

Hydrocarbons

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

So We Need!!!!!!
Renewable fuels with lesser Pollution

Potential Biofuels: Ethanol Biodiesel Bio-hydrogen Biogases

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

What Are Biodiesels???

A Fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from i. vegetable oils,

ii. animal fats,

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Transesterification A multi-step process, the overall Reaction looks like this:

Fatty Acid Alcohol Glycerin

Triglyceride

3 Methanols + Lye Catalyst

Biodiesel

Glycerin

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Biodiesel Samples

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

WHY Biodiesel???

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

The Answer to a number of issues!

National Security: Less dependence on imported Petroleum. Environment: Reduction in greenhouse gases Public Health: Less toxic to human health. Economic: Aid to Indian Farmers. Operations: Performance enhancer to conventional diesel.
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Biodiesel vs. Petroleum Diesel?

Similar reliability Similar fuel economy Similar power output Similar engine torque

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLE

13 pounds of fossil CO2 released per gallon burned

Fossil CO2 Release to Atmosphere

Refining

Use in Cars and Trucks Exploration

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLE No fossil CO2 Released ; No global warming

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Emissions Reductions

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

RELATIVE GRADING OF FUELS

Diesel CNG Vehicle Cost Infrastructure Cost Safety Operating Range Operating Cost Reliability Customer Accept. Funds Assistance Training Costs Fuel Availability Fuel Quality Price Stability Totals
0- LEAST DESIRABLE 10- MOST FAVORABLE

LNG

Methanol Ethanol

B20

10 10 7 10 10 10 5 1 10 10 9 6 98

5 2 4 5 5 7 8 10 5 10 5 8 74

5 5 3 10 7 5 8 2 5 5 10 8 73

5 5 1 10 5 3 8 0 5 5 8 6 61

5 5 3 10 5 3 9 2 5 5 8 6 66

10 10 8 10 7 10 8 2 10 6 9 6 96

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Biodiesel Revolution In INDIA

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

INDIAN SCENARIO
India ranks 6th in energy demand with an oil import of Rs. 6,000 Billions p.a., India consumes 3.5% of global energy demand. Fulfill the conditions of Kyoto Protocol agreement (signed by India in Aug2002). Biodiesel processing cost in India is almost one-third of that in European countries and the US.

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

CAN BIODIESEL WORK IN INDIA?

India with just 2.4% of global area supports more than 16% of the human population and 17% of the cattle population. India is one of the largest importers of edible oil. A sustainable source of vegetable oil is to be found before we can think of biodiesel.

Where will we find the oil for biodiesel?

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

JATROPHA MAY BE THE ANSWER!!!

Low cost seeds High oil content Can sustain long periods of drought. Minimum management. The cultivable land area about 100-110 million hectares are classified as waste land (economic survey)
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

A brief Case Study.

ENERGY 30 mmt of seeds 9.5 mt of Oil 10 M Hectares of waste land Employment

2 Million new Jobs 200 New Extraction units of 250 tpd capacity

OTHER

11 mt of organic manure

0.4 mt of glycerol

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Effect on Rural Economy

Seed price Rs. 5/Kg. Seed yield 3000Kg / hectare. 5 hectare plantation / family. 75,000 Rs / year income.

Additionally : Waste lands converted to national resources. Saving of Rs 20,000 crore p.a (Planning Commission report).

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Will the cost of Biodiesel comparable to the Diesel??????

Off course Yes with the following ASSUMPTIONS: Seed contains 35% oil, Oil extraction will be 91-92% per seed, 1.05 Kg of oil yields 1 Kg of Biodiesel and recovery from sale of glycerol will be at the rate of Rs. 40-60 per Kg.
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

O.Kso whats the downside?

Very little!
Problem: Less tolerant to cold than petroleum diesel Solution: Use in combination with petroleum diesel, and/or use an anti-gel agent Problem: Clogging of fuel filters Solution: Change fuel filters frequently during transition Problem: Fuel line incompatibility in older cars Solution: Replace natural rubber with Viton synthetic parts Problem: Accessibility: Harder to find biodiesel. Solution: Wait a bit - slowly improving
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Conclusion
E3- ENERGY,EMPLOYMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

Biodiesel

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

SPECIAL THANKS
To
Prof. B.B. Bansal,(Mech.Engg Deptt.) Dr. Hadi Hasan (App. Chemistry Deptt.) Dr. P.K. Mishra (Chemical Engg. Deptt.) All the lab staff member of Applied Chemistry Department and Chemical Engg. Department.
Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance