Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Strategy
Structure
• What is a Brand?…. Product vs Brand
• Brand Identity … Developing a Brand
Framework
• Brand Strategies … Extension &
Revitalization
What is a Brand?
Essence of a Brand : Aaker
• “A company’s brand is the primary
source of its competitive advantage and
a valuable strategic asset.”
• “The challenge for all brands is that
they have distinct clear image that
matters to customers and truly
differentiates from the rest.”
• The key step is to create a broad band
vision or identity that recognizes a
brand as something greater than a set
of attributes that can be imitated or
surpassed.
Product vs Brand
• A product is made in a factory… A
Brand is bought by the customer.
Image:
• Consumer Perception: What is vs What can be
• Awed by Competition : Problem of Imitating
• Desire to Impress: Lacks genuineness
• Caught in the Refection: Unable to see True self
What is Brand Identity?
• Simply put: What does a Brand stand for?
• Heart and Soul of the Brand: Brand Constitution,
Brand Framework
• Provides Strategic Vision – Direction, meaning,
purpose to the brand
• Combination of Brand Vision, Purpose, Values &
Associations
• “… is a set of brand associations that the brand
strategist aspires to create or maintain. These
associations represent what the Brand stands for
and imply a promise to customers from the
organization members” - Aaker
What is not Brand Identity :
Traps
• Brand Image Trap: Eg: Denim: Macho
– Based on consumer perception. Tactical, Reactive
– Lacks Strategic Future Perspective
• Brand Position Trap: Eg: Elle 18 : Teenagers
– Based on Competitive Advantage. Relates to
current market scenario, consumer needs.
Communication captures only a particular aspect of
the Brand
– Limited Scope. May not be applicable in the Future
• External Perspective Trap: Eg: Tata: Trusted
Quality
– Customer centric, lacks employee buy-in
• Product –Attribute Fixation Trap: Eg: Britannia
Biscuits
– Based on Product Attributes, Product Benefits
Brand Concepts
SENDER
BRAND
Brand
Framework
Product
Framework
How it does?
PRODUC
T/S
What it does?
RECEIVE Associations
R Brand Image , Personalities,
How? – Strategic Brand
Analysis
Processes: Semiotics- Image Study: Factor Analysis-
Attribute Rating, Perceptual Map, Cluster
Analysis- Profiling
Consume
r
Image
Needs
Trends
Performan
ce
Image Image
Heritage Positioning
SWOT Communicati
Company Relationshi on Competit
ps SWOT or
Brand Identity Systems:
Aaker
Brand as an ORGANISATION
Extended Identity
Brand as Brand as
Core
PRODUCT Identity PERSON
(Peripheral Support Values)
Brand as Symbol
VALUE PROPOSITION
Functional + Emotional + Self
Expressive Benefits
SUPPPO
RT
McDonald’s Brand Identity
System
Efficient Service, Hygienic, Clean , Smart
BRAND
ENGINE
Marketing
Busines Segmentati Mix
s Brand on Product/Pkg Mktg Sales
Potenti Value Target Price Plan Plan
al Positioning Place
Promotion
Potential
Brand
Market
EXISTING
BRAND
STRETCH
DOWN
Brand Extension Horizons
Brand Extension
Horizon 2
Brand Extension
Horizon 1
Line Extension
Horizon 1
Effect of Brand Extensions
• More Good: Extension enhances
Brand name.
• Good: Extension aids Brand Name
• Bad: Extension fails to help Brand
Name
• Ugly: Extension Damages Brand
Name
• More Ugly: Brand Name is Forgone
Post Mortem
• Colgate Gel: More Good
• Rexona Does: More Good
• Close Up Whitening: Good or Bad ?
(credibility?)
• Amul Pizza : Good or Bad (price?)
• Britannia Cheese, Ghee… More Good
• Sunsilk Hairoil : Bad (Identity or product?)
• Diet Coke: Bad… Good?? (Identity… Market
evolution)
• Frooti Apple Drink: Ugly (Identity?)
Note…
Prevent
further
Decline,
retain
sales
growth
TIME
Today’s need:
Continuous Process of
Revitalization:
Starts at an
Sale
early stage
before a brand
s
shows a decline
Time
Ways to Revitalize
Increased Repositioni
Usage ng
New Augmenting
Users Product
Obsolescing
New Product
Markets
Extensio
ns
Increased Usage
• Increased Salience: Dettol
• Increased Frequency/Regular Use:
Shampoos : Head & Shoulders,
economy pack, travel pack
• Incentives/Promotions: Filmfare,
Frequent Flier Programs
New Uses
• New Gifting Solutions: Tiffany’s &
Cadbury’s
• Festive Occasions: Asian Paints
• Multiple Functional Uses: Milkmaid
recipes
• Behavioral shifts: Moov – Sprains to
Back Aches
New Markets
• Redefine Target Segment: Cadbury’s
Dairymilk Chocolates for Adults
• Growth in new segments: Personal
Computers
Repositioning the Brand
• Image Upgrade: Philips “Lets make
things Better”
• Revive Image: Lakme, Dettol
• Change Association: Britannia
from biscuits to healthy food
Augmenting the Product
• Packaging Upgrade: Crocin,
Shampoo, fliptops
• Product Upgrade: New improved
Lux
• Increased Customer
Involvement: Wills & Cricket,
Sunsilk & Parlours, Surf & Laundry
Service
Obsolescing the Product
• Fashion Products: Colour cosmetic
range, Revlon, Designer Watches-
Titan
• Technology Products: Sony
Music… mobiles… Windows
• Dying Categories: Pond’s vanishing
cream – Oil Balanced Formula
Restage Vs Re-engineer
• Restage: Maintain the Star Status of a
product through constant innovation &
activity to CONTINUOUSLY enhance
the brand equity salience over a period
of time