Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mukira
Course Objectives
1. Provide history, present state and future outlook for eCommerce and the internet. 2. Survey and define the key technology drivers of eCommerce including network, software, and hardware components. 3. Review eCommerce infrastructures including architecture models, security & payment systems. 4. Describe the general process of web design and development including tools and required skills. 5. Identify business models surrounding eCommerce including marketing strategies. 6. Explore international, ethical and tax issues surrounding eCommerce. 7. Provide experience in basic skills in web page authoring using Microsoft Frontpage / dreamweaver.
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Topics
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What is eCommerce? Electronic commerce prior to the Internet Comparison to Traditional Commerce
Buyers & Sellers Viewpoint Business processes Fundamental business goals
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Why eCommerce? Seven Unique Features of eCommerce Technology Appropriateness of eCommerce The Internet: What Was, Is and Shall Be. Publishing on the Web for Homework 1.
What is eCommerce?
In its broadest definition, eCommerce is digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals. Digitally enabled means, for the most part, transactions that occur over the Internet and World Wide Web(Web) Commercial transactions involve the exchange of value (e.g. money) across organizational or individual boundaries in return for products and services. Differentiated from eBusiness which is digitally enabled transactions and processes within a firm, involving Information Systems controlled by the firm. Doesnt involve commercial transactions across organizational boundaries.
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Components of eCommerce
Major components of eCommerce: 1. B2B Business to Business. Largest segment with about $700B of all total $12 Trillion in 2001(est) Types include inter-business exchanges, edistributors, B2B service providers, matchmakers and infomediaries 2. B2C Business to Consumer. Much smaller with on $65B in 2001(est). Buzzwords: Internet pureplay-located only on the web. Clicks and Mortar-both web and physical location.
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Components of eCommerce
Major components of eCommerce (continued): 1. C2C Consumer to Consumer. Individuals selling to each other through online market maker (eBay.com). Estimated at $5B in 2001. 2. P2P Peer to Peer. Allows iNet users to share files and resources directly without having to go thru a central web server. Napster is the most prevalent example. 3. M-Commerce Mobile commerce. Use of wireless digital devices (Palm Pilots, cell phones) to conduct transactions. Just emerging but expected to grow rapidly.
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Origins of commerce
Origins of commerce predate recorded history. Commerce is based on the specialization of skills. Instead of performing all services and producing all goods independently, people rely on each other for the goods and services they need. Example: In early times, the local shaman would cast a spell or intercede with the gods in exchange for food and tools. This is called barter.
Traditional commerce
Money has replaced bartering, but the basic mechanics of commerce remain the same: one member of society creates something of value that another member of society desires. Commerce is a negotiated exchange of valuable objects or services between at least two parties and includes all activities that each of the parties undertakes the complete the transaction.
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Views of commerce
Commerce can be viewed from at least two different perspectives: 1. The buyers viewpoint 2. The sellers viewpoint Both perspectives illustrate that commerce involves a number of distinct activities, called Business Processes.
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Business Processes
Business processes are the activities that firms engage in as they accomplish a specific element of commerce Examples include: Transferring funds Placing orders Sending invoices Shipping goods to customers
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Why eCommerce?
The Internet and eCommerce are new technologies to help businesses increase profits. So why are there no special textbooks or courses on TV Commerce, Radio Commerce, Railroad Commerce or Highway Commerce? These are also technologies that have had profound impact on business in the 20th century and account for more commerce than eCommerce. Simply put, eCommerce technologies are more powerful than any of the other technologies we have seen in the 20th century.
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2. Global Reach the technology reaches across national boundaries, around the earth. Commerce enabled across cultural and national boundaries seamlessly. Potential customer reach extended. Reduces barriers to markets.
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3. Universal standards there is one set of technology standards, namely internet standards. Promotes technology adoption Reduces costs of adoption
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4. Richness Video, Audio, graphical and text messages are possible. Integration to a more powerful marketing message and customer experience
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5. Interactivity the technology allows active user involvement. Consumers engage in dynamic dialog Experience adjusted to the individual based on responses. Customer becomes co-participant in the process of delivering goods to the market.
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6. Information Density - the technology reduces information costs and increase quantity and quality. Information processing, storage and communication costs drop dramatically. Accuracy and timeliness improve greatly. Information becomes plentiful, cheap and accurate.
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7. Personalization/Customization the technology reaches allows personalized messages to be delivered to individuals as well as groups. Commerce enabled across cultural and national boundaries seamlessly. Potential customer reach extended. Reduces barriers to markets.
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Appropriateness
It is important to identify which business processes can be streamlined using eCommerce technologies. It is equally important to realize that some processes make effective use of traditional commerce and cant be improved upon using technology. Technology is not a panacea. Using it when it is not necessary or helpful can be a costly mistake.
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In general, products that buyers prefer to touch, smell, or otherwise closely examine are difficult to sell using eCommerce.
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Questionable cases
Would eCommerce or traditional commerce work best for the following activities? Sale/purchase of rare books Browsing through new books Sale/purchase of shoes Sale/purchase of collectibles (trading cards, plates, etc.)
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Combinations of both
Some business processes can be handled well using a combination of electronic and traditional methods: Sale/purchase of automobiles Online banking Roommate-matching services Sale/purchase of investment/insurance products
Consumers can research products online and make final transactions in person. In any business problem it is good practice to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a particular approach. Evaluating the application of eCommerce technology is no Different.
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Advantages of eCommerce
For the seller: Increases sales/decreases cost. Makes promotion easier for smaller firms. Can be used to reach narrow market segments. For the buyer: Makes it easier to obtain competitive bids Provides a wider range of choices Provides an easy way to customize the level of detail in the information obtained Allows anonymity and less pressure to buy.
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Advantages of eCommerce II
In general: Increases the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information. Electronic payments (tax refunds, paychecks, etc.) cost less to issue and are more secure. Can make products and services available in remote areas. Enables people to work from home, providing scheduling flexibility.
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Disadvantages of eCommerce
Some business processes are not suited to eCommerce, even with improvements in technology. Many products and services require a critical mass of potential buyers (e.g. online grocers). Costs and returns on eCommerce can be difficult to quantify and estimate. Cultural impediments: People are reluctant to change in order to integrate new technology. The legal environment is unclear and full of conflicting laws; regulation has not kept up.
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The Internet
What Was. What Is. And What Shall Be. But First..
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A Different Perspective
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E-Commerce I: 1995-2000
Characteristics (Table 1.5 p32):
Technology driven Revenue growth emphasis Venture capital financing Ungoverned Entrepreneurial Disintermediation (p.26) Perfect markets (p.26) Pure online strategies First mover advantages (p.26)
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Business driven Earnings/Profit emphasis Traditional financing Stronger Regulation Large traditional firms Strengthening intermediaries Imperfect markets, brands, network effects(p.26) Mixed clicks and bricks strategies Strategic follower strength
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