Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PARASITOIDS
ARTHROPOD PREDATORS
HERBIVORES CHIRONOMIDS
& MOSQUITOES
TUBIFICID WORMS
ROTIFERS PHYTOPLANKTON
DETRITIVORES
PROTOZOA
CO2 AQUATIC
P2O5 BACTERIA
NH4
NO3
OTHER
ORGANIC MATTER
Adding Organic Matter to a Rice Field
Boosts populations of Detritus-Feeders,
Plankton Feeders & Predatory Insects
1.5 Ha ; 12 replications
Mean insects per square meter
750
600
450
Predators
300
Neutrals
150
0
Low High Low High
Below water Water surface and Plant
Canopy
Organic Matter Inputs
Coevolutionary History
Large
Speciation Extinction
Regional Species Pool
Spatial & Temporal Scale
• Synchrony
• Landscape Grain
Landscape-Level • Non--crop Vegetation
“Filters” • Corridors
• Fallow patterns
• Regional Pesticide Use
Small
Community Assembly
Farmers’ Field Schools
From Central Java to
Central Mali:
Constructing
Ecosystems in
Groups
Agro-ecosystem analysis
Agro-ecosystem analysis
Making field Discussing field
observations observations
Policy Reforms
Indonesia 1986: Planning Minister and Junior
Minister Agriculture go to field, meet farmers, 3
weeks later, National IPM Policy announced by
President
140 60,000,000
120 50,000,000
100
40,000,000
Pesticides USD
Production Mt
80
USD Million
30,000,000
Mt
60
20,000,000
40
20 10,000,000
0 0
ar
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Literacy NOT
Required
Farmers
Demonstrate
their their
Constructed
Ecosystems in
Public: West
Farmer Scientist
Ms. Elizabeth
Baratsa
of Bungoma,
Western Kenya
Explains HER concept
of Vector
Transmission of
Maize Streak Virus
between plants of a
recommended
variety to a national
researcher from
Uganda
Farmers Mobilizing for Local Policy
Reform in Selingue, Mali
Iranian Farmer Field
Schools: Biodiversity
Management by Local
Communities
Thank You !
National IPM Programmes
● Field Exchanges