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AS OF 10 OCT 04 CDC
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
MY CENTER IS GIVING WAY, MY RIGHT IS IN RETREAT; IMPOSSIBLE TO MANEUVER; SITUATION EXCELLENT. I AM ATTACKING. MARSHAL FERDINAND FOCH BATTLE OF THE MARNE SEPTEMBER 1914.
Action:
Condition: Given FMs, reading assignments, and an instructor in a classroom with training materials. Standards: Conduct offensive operations IAW FM 3-0, FM 3-90, FM 3-21.8, FM 321.10, and achieve a 70% pass in overall testing.
ADMINISTRATION
y
SAFETY:
NONE
RISK ASSESSMENT:
LOW
ENVIRONMENTAL:
NONE
REFERENCES
Doctrinal: FM 3-0 Tactics: FM 3-90
Condition: Given FMs and reading assignments in a classroom with an instructor and training materials. Standards: Determine the purpose of the offense IAW FM 3-0, FM 3-90, FM 3-21.8, FM 3-21.10, and achieve a 70% pass in overall testing.
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
What is the purpose of Offensive Operations?
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS SEEK, RETAIN, AND EXPLOIT THE INITIATIVE TO DEFEAT THE ENEMY DECISIVELY.
FM 3-0 pg 7-2
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
Additional Tasks: Disruption of the enemy Denying the enemy resources Fixing the enemy Securing terrain Gaining information Achieved by Aggressive Patrolling
FM 3-0 pg 7-2
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
THE OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL LEVELS OF WAR
Army operational units conduct offensive campaigns and major operations to achieve theater-level effects based on tactical actions.
y
Operational Offense: At the operational level, offensive operations directly or indirectly attack the enemy center of gravity. Tactical Offense: At the operational level, tactical units exploit the effects that joint and multinational forces contribute to the offense.
FM 3-0 pg 7-2
SURPRISE
STRIKING THE ENEMY AT A TIME OR PLACE OR IN A MANNER FOR WHICH HE IS UNPREPARED.
Unpredictability and boldness help gain surprise. Delay enemy reactions, as it overloads and confuses enemy Command & Control (C2). Surprise may also come from an unexpected change in tempo.
FM 3-0 pg 7-5
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION IS THE MASSING OF OVERWHELMING EFFECTS OF COMBAT POWER TO ACHIEVE A SINGLE PURPOSE.
Attacking commanders manipulate their own and the enemys concentration by combining dispersion, concentration, military deception, and attacks.
FM 3-0 pg 7-5
TEMPO
TEMPO IS THE RATE OF SPEED OF MILITARY ACTION.
Faster tempo allows attackers to disrupt enemy defensive plans. Rapid tempo demands quick decisions. Tempo allows commanders to maintain momentum and never permits the enemy to recover from the shock of the initial assault.
FM 3-0 pg 7-6
AUDACITY
A SIMPLE PLAN OF ACTION, BOLDLY EXECUTED.
Understand when and where to take risks. Audacity inspires soldiers to overcome adversity and danger.
FM 3-0 pg 7-6
Decisive offensive operations are attacks that conclusively determine the outcome of major operations, battles, and engagements. At the operational level, decisive operations achieve the goals of each phase of a campaign.
FM 3-0 pg 7-7
SHAPING OPERATIONS
Shaping operations in the offense include attacks designed to achieve one or more of the following: Deceive the enemy. Destroy or fix enemy forces that could interfere with the decisive operation. Control terrain whose occupation by the enemy would hinder the decisive operation. Force the enemy to commit reserves prematurely or into an indecisive area.
FM 3-0 pg 7-8
SHAPING OPERATIONS
Advance, flank, and rear security forces conduct security operations. These elements: Provide early warning. Find gaps in defenses. Provide time to react and space to maneuver.
FM 3-0 pg 7-9
SUSTAINING OPERATIONS
Sustaining operations in the offense ensure freedom of action and maintain momentum. CSS unit locations need not be contiguous with those of their supported forces.
FM 3-0 pg 7-10
AREA OF OPERATIONS
Security Operations
FORMS OF MANEUVER
While normally combined, each form of maneuver attacks the enemy differently. Each form poses different challenges for attackers and different dangers for defenders. You can determine what form of maneuver to use by analyzing the factors of METT-TC.
FM 3-0 pg 7-10
FORMS OF MANEUVER
Envelopment Turning Movement Infiltration Penetration Frontal Attack
FM 3-0 pg 7-10
ENVELOPMENT
...is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives to the enemy rear to destroy the enemy in his current position.
FM 3-0 pg 7-11
ENVELOPMENT
ENY
ENY
Decisive Operation
Shaping Operations
TURNING MOVEMENT
is a form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemys principal defensive positions by seizing objectives to the enemy rear and causing the enemy to move out of his current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat.
FM 3-0 pg 7-12
TURNING MOVEMENT
OBJ
INFILTRATION
a form of maneuver in which an attacking forces conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires.
FM 3-0 pg 7-13
INFILTRATION
Decisive Operation
OBJ
ENY ENY
PENETRATION
a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture the enemy defenses on a narrow front to disrupt their defensive system.
FM 3-0 pg 7-13
PENETRATION
OBJ
Decisive Operation
OBJ OBJ
Shaping Operation Shaping Operation
ENY
ENY
FRONTAL ATTACK
a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. A frontal attack is rarely the preferred technique!! An assailable flank is always a commanders first choice!
FM 3-0 pg 7-15
FRONTAL ATTACK
OBJ
FM 3-0 pg 7-16
MOVEMENT TO CONTACT
offensive operations designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact with the enemy. Variants: Search and Attack Approach March Meeting Engagement
FM 3-0 pg 7-17
FM 3-0 pg 7-18
FM 3-0 pg 7-17
FM 3-0 pg 7-18
ATTACK
is an offensive operation that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both. Hasty attack Deliberate attack Special purpose attacks: Spoiling attack Counterattack Raid Ambush Feint Demonstration
FM 3-0 pg 7-18
HASTY ATTACK
usually occurs during movements to contact and defensive operations. it intentionally trades the advantages of thorough preparation and full synchronization for those of immediate execution.
FM 3-0 pg 7-19
DELIBERATE ATTACK
are highly synchronized operations characterized by detailed planning and preparation. ...use simultaneous operations throughout the AO, planned fires, shaping operations, and forward positioning of resources to sustain momentum.
FM 3-0 pg 7-19
FM 3-0 pg 7-20
SPOILING ATTACK
Commanders mount spoiling attacks from a defensive posture to disrupt an expected enemy attack. A spoiling attack attempts to strike the enemy while he is most vulnerable during his preparations for attack.
FM 3-0 pg 7-20
COUNTERATTACK
Commanders conduct counterattacks with lightly committed forward elements. They counterattack after the enemy launches his attack, reveals his main effort, or creates an assailable flank.
FM 3-0 pg 7-20
RAID
A form of attack, usually small scale, involving a swift entry into hostile territory to secure information, confuse the enemy, or destroy installations. It usually ends with a planned withdrawal from the objective area upon mission completion.
FM 3-0 pg 7-20
AMBUSH
a form of attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy.
FM 3-0 pg 7-21
FEINT
A form of attack used to deceive the enemy as to the location or time of the actual decisive operation (or main effort). Forces conducting a feint seek direct fire contact with the enemy but avoid decisive engagement.
FM 3-0 pg 7-21
DEMONSTRATION
y
A form of attack designed to deceive the enemy as to the location or time of the decisive operation by a display of force. Forces conducting a demonstration do not seek contact with the enemy.
FM 3-0 pg 7-21
EXPLOITATION
usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. seeks to disintegrate enemy forces to the point where they have no alternative but surrender or flight.
FM 3-0 pg 7-21
PURSUIT
designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape with the aim of destroying it. are decisive operations that follow successful attacks or exploitations. occur when the enemy fails to organize a defense and attempts to disengage.
FM 3-0 pg 7-22
y y
PLANNING
PREPARATION
y
EXECUTION
FM 3-0 pg 7-23
PLANNING
Tailor the concept of operations to the situation during offensive planning:
y y
Allows the rapid concentration and dispersal of units Introduce fresh forces to exploit success while resting other forces Protect the force Facilitate transition to future operations Sustain forces throughout the operation Staffs analyze the situation in terms of METT-TC
y y y
FM 3-0 pg 7-23
PREPARING
Begin shaping and sustaining operations: Recon Maintenance Position resources Conduct rehearsals Follow the Troop Leading Procedures
FM 3-0 pg 7-26
EXECUTING
Offensive operations require rapid shifts in the focus of combat power to take advantage of opportunities. Sustaining a tempo the enemy cannot match is vital to success.
FM 3-0 pg 7-26
OPERATIONS IN DEPTH
OPERATIONS IN DEPTH
These are high tempo operations that present the enemy with one continuous operation:
DEEP OPERATIONS
...directed against enemy forces and functions which are not in contact at the forward line of own troops (FLOT). These operations employ long range fires, denying the enemy freedom of action and disrupting his preparation for battle.
CLOSE OPERATIONS
where forces are in immediate contact with the enemy and the fighting between committed forces and readily available tactical reserves of both combatants occurs.
REAR OPERATIONS
including area damage control, taken by all units, singly or in a combined effort, to secure the force, neutralize or defeat enemy operations in the rear area, and ensure freedom of action in the deep & close fights.
SUPPORT ELEMENT
Provides close continuous overwatch. Weapons are tailored to the mission. Maintains positive control of fires.
OBJ DOG
BREACH ELEMENT
Breaches obstacles. Marks lanes. Ruptures enemy defenses. Provides security. Facilitates passage of the assault element.
OBJ DOG
ASSAULT ELEMENT
Attacks through the breach or rupture. Destroys enemy on objective. Done with rapid, violent execution. Note: The assault force must always be prepared to conduct the breach if the breaching force fails or is rendered combat ineffective.
OBJ DOG
RALLY POINT
Is an easily identifiable point on the ground at which units can reassemble or re-organize if they become disbursed
RLY
Condition: Given FMs and reading assignments in a classroom with an instructor and training materials. Standards: Present information on the employment of weapon systems in the offense IAW FM 321.8 and FM 3-21.10
WEAPONS
y y y y y y y y
M60 / M240B M249 (SAW) M203 M16A2 DRAGON / JAVELIN AT-4 GRENADES MORTARS
DIRECT FIRES
y
Types of Direct fire available: Machine guns M203 AT-4 Close Air Support
Aids to control: Engagement Areas Sectors of Fire for SBF Target Reference Points (TRP) Engagement Priorities
INDIRECT FIRES
y
Types of indirect fire available: M203 Mortars Artillery Naval gun fire
INDIRECT FIRES
Neutralize, suppress, or destroy enemy forces. Deprive the enemy of resources or the use of decisive terrain. Fix the enemy in position. Deceive or divert the enemy. Provide screening or obscuration. Provide battlefield illumination.
TARGETS
AB0006
AB0005 AB0004
AB0003
OBJ DOG
A2
AB0002 AB0001
LD REAR AREA
LD