1.

7 Transport of substances in plants

Learning outcomes
To state the necessity for transport of substances in plants To identify the vascular tissue in stem, root & leaf To state the role of vascular tissue in the transport of substances To describe the structure of vascular tissue To relate the structure of xylem to transport To relate the structure of phloem to transport

Necessity
The root absorb water and mineral salts which are transported upward to the leaves and other parts of the plant. Carbohydrates (fr leaves) stem & roots respiration, growth, storage.

Necessity
Unlike animals, plants are unable to pump necessary substances thr great distances, sometimes requiring the need to defy gravity. To overcome the problem, plants use a combination of root pressure, capillary action and transpiration to provide enough force to transport water to the shoot.

Vascular Tissue
Xylem and phloem form vascular tissue Xylem: gives support and transport water and mineral ions from root to upper parts of plants. Phloem: transport organic food substances synthesised by leaves.

Dicot & monocot root

Dicot root Monocot root

Dicot and monocot root

Monocot rootsvascular bundles arranged in a ring. Dicot roots have their xylem (star shape) in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem.

Dicot and monocot stem

Dicot stem Monocot stem

Vascular bundle arranged in a ring pattern

Vascular bundle arranged in scattered form

Dicotyledon leaf

Dicot leaves

Monocotyledon leaf

Structure of xylem vessel

How does the structure of xylem relate to transport?

Xylem vessels: long, hollow, continuous tubes allow water to flow continuously. _______: allow water and mineral salts to pass sideways. Lignified wall: a)mechanical support b) increase the adhesion of water molecules and help the water to rise by capillarity. Narrowness of the lumen: increase the capillarity forces. Perforated end wall: provide uninterrupted flow of water up the plant.

Structure of phloem sieve tube

How does the structure of phloem relate to transport?

Phloem sieve tubes transport ________ such as sucrose, amino acids and plant hormones. Consist many of _______ & companion cells. A sieve tube is a cylindrical tube made up of elongated living sieve tube cells. Sieve tube joined end to end facilitate the longitudinal flow of the organic substances.

 The end walls of each sieve tube element are perforated by pores forming ________. Strands of cytoplasm passing through the pores of the sieves plates help transport materials from cell to cell. Sieves tubes are kept alive and supported in their function by ____________.

Question 1

Question 2
What is the aim of immersing the roots of a balsam plant into a beaker of red ink for a few hours? a) To stain the phloem tissues b) To stain the xylem tissues c) To stain the vascular bundles d) To stain the sieve tubes

Question 3