Pharmaceutical Industry

History
The earliest drugstores date back to the Middle Ages The first known drugstore was opened by Arabian pharmacists in Baghdad in 754 By the 19th century, many of the drug stores in Europe and North America had eventually developed into larger pharmaceutical companies. Most of today's major pharmaceutical companies were founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The origin of medicines

Medicines of ancient civilizations

The oldest records of medicinal preparations made from plants, animals, or minerals are those of the early Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. An herbal compendium, said to have been written in the 28th century bc by the legendary emperor Shennong, described the antifever capabilities of a substance known as chang shan (from the plant species Dichroa febrifuga), which has since been shown to contain antimalarial alkaloids (alkaline organic chemicals containing nitrogen). Workers at the school of alchemy that flourished in Alexandria, Egypt, in the 2nd century bc prepared several ... (100 of 14077 words)

 Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery.

Drug development refers to activities undertaken after a compound is identified as a potential drug in order to establish its suitability as a medication. Objectives of drug development are to determine appropriate Formulation and Dosing, as well as to establish safety.

Indian pharmaceutical industry

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the world's second-largest by volume and is likely to lead the manufacturing sector of India. The first pharmaceutical company are Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Works, which still exists today as one of 5 government-owned drug manufacturers, appeared in Calcutta in 1930. The government started to encourage the growth of drug manufacturing by Indian companies in the early 1960s, and with the Patents Act in 1970

Indian Pharmaceutical Evolution

Phase V

Phase IV
Phase III Development Phase Phase II Government Control Phase I Early Years Market share domination by foreign companies Indian Patent Act 1970 Drug prices capped Local companies begin to make an impact Process development Production infrastructure creation Export initiatives Growth Phase Rapid expansion of domestic market International market development Research orientation

Innovation and Research

New IP law Discovery Research Convergence

Relative absence of organized Indian companies

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

WORLD SCENARIO
The global pharmaceutical market is estimated to represent a $48 billion opportunity for India by 2011, in terms of: manufacturing outsourcing-supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates development outsourcing-conducting preclinical and clinical trials customized chemistry services-contract research services for compounds pre-launch.

INDIAN SCENARIO
India's pharmaceutical market grew at 15.7% during December 2011.globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products volume. The indian pharmaceutical industry is expected the grow at a rate of 9.9% till 2010 after that 9.5% till 2015

Pharmaceutical Companies in India

Ranbaxy With a 2007 turnover of Rs 4,198.96 crore (Rs 41.989 billion) by sales, Ranbaxy is the largest pharmaceutical company in India. Dr Reddy's Laboratories With the turnover of Rs 4,162.25 crore (Rs 41.622 billion), Dr Reddy's Laboratories is the second largest pharmaceutical company in India. Cipla With the revenue of Rs 3,763.72 crore (Rs 37.637 billion) Cipla is the third largest pharmaceutical company in India. Sun Pharma Industries Sun Pharma Industries is the fourth largest pharma company in India with the total revenue of Rs 2,463.59 crore (Rs 24.635 billion) and led by Dilip Sanghvi. Lupin Labs Lupin Labs has the total revenue of Rs 2,215.52 crore (Rs 22.155 billion

Patents and generics

A chemical patent or pharmaceutical patent is a patent for an invention in the chemical or pharmaceuticals industry Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug

CSR
It is particularly difficult for pharmaceutical companies to allocate its strategic resources necessary to CSR strategies, due to so much of its funds are allocated for R&D and promotional activities, which are relatively risky in nature. The demand for its products is based on consumer motivation, which can vary greatly amongst different countries depending on the responsibilities of consumers, government and economies, and insurance companies or a mix of the three..